Former US Secretary of State Colin Powell died on Monday of Covid-19 complications. His family announced that he was fully vaccinated. He was 84 years old, and had multiple myeloma, a blood cancer.
Health officials worry that anti-vaccine activists will seize upon Powell's death to make the claim that vaccines don't work. If you can still die after being vaccinated for Covid-19, what's the point of getting the vaccine?
What's the answer to that question? I discussed it with CNN Medical Analyst Dr. Leana Wen, an emergency physician and professor of health policy and management at the George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health. She is also author of a new book, "Lifelines: A Doctor's Journey in the Fight for Public Health."
COVID-19 - To Boost or not to Boost
How long does the protective immunity provided by the COVID-19 vaccines last? Do we need to “boost” immunity for continued protection? Recently, these questions have thrown science and politics into a contentious situation. The Biden administration has strongly recommended booster shots for COVID-19 beginning this month, with the caveat that the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) would have to approve. As a result, significant public and political pressure has been put on the FDA to fast-track approval of the booster. The FDA traditionally proceeds slowly and cautiously with insistence on rigorous supporting data and usually does not respond well to pressure.
This conflict recently led to the resignation of the FDA’s director of the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), Dr. Marion Gruber, and her deputy director, Dr. Philip Krause. Both are capable scientists with years of experience evaluating vaccines.
Unfortunately, the Biden administration appears not to have adhered to its plan to follow the science when making the recommendation for vaccine boosters. If vaccine-induced immunity is indeed waning, it would be prudent to ready the supply chain to administer millions of booster shots. However, if robust immunity remains sufficient to protect from severe disease, then this rush to boost wastes valuable resources and compromises the goal of ending the pandemic. This decision requires rigorous scientific evidence that protection afforded by the vaccine is indeed waning.
Moderna vs Pfizer - Both knockouts, but one seems to have the edge
Pfizer-BioNTech (left) and Moderna Covid-19 doses ready for patients at a pharmacy on March 8, 2021. In a half-dozen studies published over the past few weeks, Moderna’s vaccine appeared to be more protective over the long term than the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine
It was a constant refrain from federal health officials after the coronavirus vaccines were authorised: These shots are all equally effective. That has turned out not to be true. Roughly 221 million doses of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine have been dispensed thus far in the United States, compared with about 150 million doses of Moderna’s vaccine. In a half-dozen studies published over the past few weeks, Moderna’s vaccine appeared to be more protective than the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine in the months after immunisation.
The latest such study, published on Wednesday (Sept 22) in The New England Journal of Medicine, evaluated the real-world effectiveness of the vaccines at preventing symptomatic illness in about 5,000 health care workers in 25 states. The study found that the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine had an effectiveness of 88.8 per cent, compared with Moderna’s 96.3 per cent. Research published on Friday by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention found that the efficacy of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine against hospitalisation fell from 91 per cent to 77 per cent after a four-month period following the second shot. The Moderna vaccine showed no decline over the same period. If the efficacy gap continues to widen, it may have implications for the debate on booster shots. Federal agencies this week are evaluating the need for a third shot of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine for some high-risk groups, including older adults.
Scientists who were initially sceptical of the reported differences between the Moderna and Pfizer-BioNTech vaccines have slowly become convinced that the disparity is small but real. “Our baseline assumption is that the mRNA vaccines are functioning similarly, but then you start to see a separation,” said Dr Natalie Dean, a biostatistician at Emory University in Atlanta. “It’s not a huge difference, but at least it’s consistent.”
Pfizer CEO Albert Bourla predicts normal life will return within a year and adds we may need annual Covid shots
There will be a return to normal life within a year, Pfizer CEO and Chairman Albert Bourla said on Sunday, adding that it’s likely annual Covid vaccination shots will be necessary. “Within a year I think we will be able to come back to normal life,” Bourla said in an interview on ABC’s “This Week.”
Returning to normal life will have caveats, he said: “I don’t think that this means that the variants will not continue coming, and I don’t think that this means that we should be able to live our lives without having vaccinations,” Bourla said. “But that, again, remains to be seen.” Bourla’s prediction about when normal life will resume is in keeping with that of Moderna CEO Stéphane Bancel. “As of today, in a year, I assume,” Bancel told the Swiss newspaper Neue Zuercher Zeitung, according to Reuters on Thursday, when asked for his estimate of a return to normal life.
In order to make that happen, Pfizer’s Bourla suggested it is likely annual coronavirus vaccine shots will be needed. “The most likely scenario for me is that, because the virus is spread all over the world, that it will continue seeing new variants that are coming out,” Bourla said. “Also we will have vaccines that they will last at least a year, and I think the most likely scenario is annual vaccination, but we don’t know really, we need to wait and see the data.”
COVID-19 vaccine boosters could mean billions for drugmakers
In this March 2021 photo provided by Pfizer, a technician works on a line for packaging preparation for the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine at the company's facility in Puurs, Belgium. Billions more in profits are at stake for some vaccine makers as the U.S. moves toward dispensing COVID-19 booster shots to shore up Americans' protection against the virus. (Pfizer via AP)
Officials described the move as a first step. Boosters will likely be offered even more broadly in the coming weeks or months, including boosters of vaccines made by Moderna and Johnson & Johnson. That, plus continued growth in initial vaccinations, could mean a huge gain in sales and profits for Pfizer and Moderna in particular. “The opportunity quite frankly is reflective of the billions of people around the world who would need a vaccination and a boost,” Jefferies analyst Michael Yee said.
Wall Street is taking notice. The average forecast among analysts for Moderna’s 2022 revenue has jumped 35% since President Joe Biden laid out his booster plan in mid-August. Most of the vaccinations so far in the U.S. have come from Pfizer, which developed its shot with Germany’s BioNTech, and Moderna. They have inoculated about 99 million and 68 million people, respectively. Johnson & Johnson is third with about 14 million people. No one knows yet how many people will get the extra shots. But Morningstar analyst Karen Andersen expects boosters alone to bring in about $26 billion in global sales next year for Pfizer and BioNTech and around $14 billion for Moderna if they are endorsed for nearly all Americans.
What you should know about getting infected after COVID-19 vaccination
A dormitory resident in Singapore contracted the coronavirus despite having completed the full COVID-19 vaccination regimen, sparking questions about how this can happen and the effectiveness of the jab. The 23-year-old Indian national was the first such case reported by the Ministry of Health (MOH), which said it is a "reminder" that it is possible for vaccinated individuals to get infected. He received his first dose of a COVID-19 vaccine on Jan 25 and the second dose on Feb 17. His infection was detected when he was swabbed on Apr 7 as part of rostered routine testing. The man's earlier tests from routine testing - the last being on Mar 24 - were all negative for COVID-19.
In the United States, for instance, three out of nearly 5,000 vaccinated people in an April report by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) had confirmed infections after they were fully inoculated.
CNA spoke to infectious diseases experts about getting infected after vaccination:
- What are the chances of getting COVID-19 after vaccination?
- Why do people get infected with COVID-19 after completing vaccination?
- Is it a cause of concern if someone who has completed their vaccination gets COVID-19?
- How does vaccination help then?
Suspected adverse events which have been reported to HSA following COVID-19 vaccination in Singapore
HSA actively monitors the safety of COVID-19 vaccines authorised in Singapore to ensure that the benefits of these vaccines continue to outweigh the risks and that they remain safe for use. This is done through adverse events (AEs) monitoring systems to detect any potential safety signals so that relevant measures can be taken expeditiously.
Full report on HSA's safety assessment of COVID-19 vaccines download here. Summary of report (as of 31 July 2021):
- A total of 7,567,466 doses of the Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna mRNA vaccines have been administered, out of which 9,403 suspected AE reports (0.12% of administered doses) were received. Of these, 389 reports (0.005% of administered doses) were classified as serious AEs.
- The most commonly reported AEs were consistent with those typically observed following vaccination. They include dizziness, shortness of breath, chest tightness / discomfort, injection site reactions such as pain and swelling, fever and allergic reactions (such as rash, itch, hives and swelling of eyelids, face and lips). These typically resolve within a few days. Among the serious AE reports, the most frequently reported AEs were anaphylaxis and other severe allergic reactions.
- In the age group of 12 to 18 years, the most commonly reported AEs include rash, hives, angioedema (swelling of the eyelids, face and lips), shortness of breath, fever, dizziness, light-headedness and syncope. Syncope (fainting and temporary loss of consciousness) has also been reported, particularly in this age group, and it is generally triggered by anxiety and fear of pain during the vaccination process, rather than by the vaccines. The local incidence rate for syncope in this age group is similar to overseas reports.
S’pore Has 0 Deaths From Vaccination, MOH Stresses It Has No Interest In Hiding Adverse Events
With 80% of Singapore’s population fully vaccinated, we’ve reached a milestone in our fight against Covid-19.
However, some may still be holding out on getting jabbed because they’re concerned over the potential side effects of vaccines and rumoured deaths.
To that end, the Ministry of Health (MOH) has said that there have been zero deaths linked to vaccination in Singapore.
90-year-old man dies from Covid-19 complications, the first death of fully vaccinated person in S'pore
A 90-year-old man who was fully vaccinated but had a history of chronic kidney disease and hypertension died from Covid-19 complications on Tuesday (Aug 17), the Ministry of Health (MOH) said. He is the first fully vaccinated person to die from issues linked to Covid-19 in Singapore.
The man developed symptoms on July 29 and tested positive for Covid-19 on Aug 1 as part of community surveillance testing. He had been fully vaccinated against Covid-19, but was advanced in age and had a history of chronic kidney disease and hypertension, said MOH in its daily update.
In total, 45 people have died from complications due to the Covid-19 infection.
Vaccinated people in Singapore make up three-quarters of recent COVID-19 cases
Three quarters of Singapore's COVID-19 infections in the last four weeks were among vaccinated individuals, government data shows, as a rapid ramp-up in the city state's inoculations leaves fewer people unvaccinated.
Singapore has already inoculated nearly 75% of its 5.7 million people, the world's second highest after the United Arab Emirates, a Reuters tracker shows, and half its population is fully vaccinated. It reported 1,096 locally transmitted cases in the last 28 days, of which 484, or 44%, were fully vaccinated people, while 30% were partially vaccinated and the remaining 25% were unvaccinated.
There were only seven severe cases requiring oxygen support and six of them were unvaccinated and one was partially vaccinated, the health ministry said.
157 ‘serious adverse events’ reported out of nearly 3.7 million doses of Covid-19 vaccines given: HSA
The 157 suspected serious adverse events from Covid-19 vaccination were part of 4,704 suspected adverse events reports that the Health Sciences Authority had received as of May 23, 2021
A total of 157 suspected serious “adverse events” have been reported out of nearly 3.7 million doses of the Covid-19 vaccines that have been administered in Singapore as of May 23, the Health Sciences Authority (HSA) said.
In an update late on Friday (June 11) night, HSA said that the number of suspected serious adverse events comprises 0.004 per cent of the total number of doses given so far. The 157 suspected serious adverse events were part of the 4,704 suspected adverse events reports that the HSA had received as of May 23. This translates to 0.13 per cent of administered doses. Both percentages are consistent with the percentages that had been reported by the authority earlier last month.
Reactions are classified as serious or severe if they result in hospitalisation, disability or a life-threatening illness, among other reasons. Among the serious reports, HSA said that the most frequently reported adverse events were anaphylaxis and other severe allergic reactions.
Some 2,000 people had 'severe adverse reactions' to Pfizer, Moderna vaccine
There are some 2,000 individuals who have experienced severe adverse reactions after the first dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna vaccine and they should not receive an mRNA vaccine again, said the Ministry of Health (MOH).
In a Facebook post on Saturday (5 June), the MOH said it is evaluating other suitable non-mRNA vaccines. "We expect to make such vaccines available before the end of this year for use in our national vaccination programme, after the vaccines have been rigorously assessed and approved by the HSA (Health Sciences Authority)," the ministry said.
In a press release on Friday, the MOH said that these 2,000 individuals are those who had developed "anaphylaxis or allergic reactions (hives, face/ eyelid/ lip/ throat swelling, generalised rash within 7 days after vaccination)". The individuals can consider taking vaccines under the Special Access Route (SAR), such as the Sinovac vaccine, if they cannot wait, the ministry added in its post.
Understanding why some people are not taking Covid-19 vaccines and how to gain their confidence
Ever since Singapore kicked off its national vaccination programme for Covid-19, data on take-up rate has increasingly painted an encouraging picture: More than 4.4 million doses of vaccines have been administered as of Wednesday (June 9).
However, there remains a proportion of the population who may be wary and are hesitant about getting their shots. The following are the statistics so far:
- About 1.9 million people have completed the regimen of taking two doses and about 2.5 million — or 44 per cent of the population — have received at least the first dose.
- About 74 per cent of eligible seniors aged 60 and older, nearly 74 per cent of eligible persons aged 45 to 59, and 65 per cent of eligible recipients aged 40 to 44 have received their shots or booked their appointments.
- For eligible teenagers, about 85 per cent have received their first vaccine shot or booked to receive it.
By August, the Government is expecting half its population to be fully vaccinated, with this rate rising to 75 per cent or more by October.
Pfizer, Moderna vaccines effective against Covid variants from India: Study
The Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna coronavirus vaccines appear to protect against COVID variants B.1.617 and B.1.618 first identified in India, researchers have reported in a new pre-print paper, which has not yet been peer-reviewed, CNN reported.
Based on lab experiments involving cell cultures, the B.1.617 and B.1.618 variants seem to be partially resistant to the antibodies elicited by vaccination, according to the pre-print paper posted to the online server biorxiv.org on Sunday. "Thus, there is a good reason to believe that vaccinated individuals will remain protected against the B.1.617 and B.1.618 variants," the researchers from New York University wrote in their paper. But more research is needed to determine just how effective the Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna vaccines are against those variants in the real world.
Moreover, the World Health Organization (WHO) has classified the coronavirus variant first found in India as a "variant of global concern".It said studies show the B.1.617 mutation spreads more easily than other variants and requires further study, CNN reported.
Tan Tock Seng Hospital nurse, doctor, 3 patients test positive for Covid-19
A possible Covid-19 cluster has surfaced at Tan Tock Seng Hospital, with a nurse infected and likely infections in a doctor and three patients in the general ward. The Health Ministry said that one of the three new community cases of Covid-19 as at Wednesday (April 28) was a nurse from Tan Tock Seng Hospital (TTSH).
The 46 year-old female Philippine national was deployed at Ward 9D, a general ward. She developed a cough, sore throat and body aches on 27 April, and sought medical treatment at TTSH, said MOH. Her test result came back positive for Covid-19 infection on the same day, and she was warded at the National Centre for Infectious Diseases (NCID). Her serology test result is pending.
She received her first dose of the Covid-19 vaccine on Jan 26, and the second dose on Feb 18.
What you should know about getting infected after COVID-19 vaccination
A healthcare worker at National Centre for Infectious Diseases receives one of the first doses of the COVID-19 vaccine in Singapore on Dec 30, 2020
The sole dormitory COVID-19 case in Singapore on Sunday (Apr 11) had completed the full COVID-19 vaccination regimen – a "reminder" that it is possible for vaccinated individuals to get infected, said the Ministry of Health (MOH).
The 23-year-old Indian national, who is a work permit holder, received his first dose of a COVID-19 vaccine on Jan 25 and the second dose on Feb 17.
CNA spoke to infectious diseases experts about getting infected after vaccination. Here is what you should know:
- What are the chances of getting COVID-19 after vaccination?
- Why do people get infected with COVID-19 after completing vaccination?
- Is it a concern if someone who has completed their vaccination gets COVID-19?
- How does vaccination help then?
Why a person fully vaccinated against Covid-19 can still get infected and what it means
Medical experts said that the strength of the human body's immune response due to the Covid-19 vaccine varies across individuals
News of a migrant worker who contracted Covid-19 even though he had been fully vaccinated may have caused some alarm, but infectious disease experts said that this is an expected development and there is nothing to be too concerned about. On Sunday (April 11), the first such infection here was reported by the Ministry of Health (MOH). The 23-year-old male Indian national had received both required doses of the Covid-19 vaccination on Jan 25 and Feb 17.
Similar cases around the world have been reported before. The United States’ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) said in April that of the 2,479 vaccinated people in a study, three had confirmed coronavirus infections after they were fully vaccinated. In Japan, a hospital worker who had completed the vaccination regimen was confirmed to be infected on April 11. In Singapore over the last three months, MOH had recorded at least three separate cases of people who had been tested positive for the virus after their first dose of the vaccine.
A closer look at the issue of post-vaccination infections for Covid-19:
- CAN A PERSON WHO IS FULLY VACCINATED BE INFECTED?
- IS VACCINATION STILL RELIABLE IN PREVENTING INFECTION?
- CAN A VACCINATED PERSON STILL INFECT OTHERS?
- HOW HERD IMMUNITY IS ACHIEVED VIA VACCINATION
- WILL THE VIRUS EVER BE ELIMINATED?
Why those vaccinated against Covid-19 may still get infected and does it mean the vaccine failed?
Covid-19 vaccines protect people from the symptoms and more severe forms of the disease but are not designed to fully prevent them from being infected, experts said on Monday (April 12), following the case of a migrant worker who tested positive despite having both doses.
They said inoculation was vital because although those who have had the jabs may still catch the virus, they are much less likely to get seriously ill than unvaccinated patients.
The migrant worker, who was reported on Sunday to have tested positive, received his first dose on Jan 25 and his second on Feb 15, the Health Ministry said.
The sole dormitory case in Singapore on Sunday (Apr 11) had completed the full COVID-19 vaccination regimen and the case is a reminder that "it is possible for vaccinated individuals to get infected", said MOH.
The man, who is asymptomatic, was detected when he was tested on Apr 7 as part of rostered routine testing. The man's pooled rostered routine testing result came back positive for COVID-19 on Apr 8 and he was immediately isolated, said MOH. An individual test was done on Apr 9 and it came back positive the following day. He was taken to the National Centre for Infectious Diseases by ambulance. "His serology test result has come back positive but we have assessed that this is likely a current infection," said MOH.
The man received his first dose of a COVID-19 vaccine on Jan 25 and the second dose on Feb 17.
Northbrook Mom Gets COVID After Second Vaccine Dose
People can still catch the coronavirus more than two weeks after the second dose, but being fully vaccinated limits severe illness, according to the CDC. Vaccinations are occurring every day in Illinois with the goal of saving lives and stemming the pandemic, but there is a chance that fully vaccinated people can still receive a positive COVID-19 test. The Illinois Department of Public Health told NBC 5 it is tracking cases of individuals who have been vaccinated and test positive for COVID-19. According to IDPH, of the more than 1.6 million people who are fully vaccinated, 217 reported a positive test more than two weeks after their last vaccine dose.
Ariel Silver of Northbrook, a sales manager for a medical device company, said she received her second dose of the Pfizer vaccine in mid-January and tested positive for COVID-19 in early March. “Having been fully vaccinated for six weeks and then to get a positive COVID test, I was shocked,” Silver said. Silver said her two young daughters tested positive in late February, and soon after she started feeling sick. “It hit me hard," she said. "I’ve read that if someone vaccinated gets COVID, it’s usual very mild symptoms. But for two days my symptoms were not mild at all. I was in bed, very ill."
According to the Centers for Disease Control, the vaccine will help you from getting seriously ill even if you do get COVID. “We shouldn’t be surprised about some people still getting infected, especially if they have high risk exposures, like a household exposure, but what we shouldn’t expect are severe infections because we know the vaccines were highly protective against from any hospitalizations,” said Dr. Jonathan Pinsky, a medical director and infectious disease control and prevention specialist at Edward Hospital. Silver said she and her daughters are back to feeling normal.
Can I still spread the coronavirus after I'm vaccinated?
It’s possible. Experts say the risk is low, but are still studying how well the shots blunt the spread of the virus. The current vaccines are highly effective at preventing people from getting seriously sick with COVID-19.
But even if vaccinated people don’t get sick, they might still get infected without showing any symptoms. Experts think the vaccine would also curb the chances of those people spreading the virus.
“A vaccinated person controls the virus better, so the chances of transmitting will be greatly reduced," said Dr. Robert Gallo a virus expert at the University of Maryland School of Medicine. Among the evidence so far: Studies suggesting if people do get infected despite vaccination, they harbor less coronavirus in the nose than the unvaccinated. That makes it harder to spread.
Can You Spread COVID After Receiving Vaccine?
Experts have made clear that getting the COVID vaccine offers plenty of protection from coronavirus, but can it prevent you from spreading it to others? Yes, it can, but the answer is also a bit more complicated.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, "we’re still learning how vaccines will affect the spread of COVID-19." "After you’ve been fully vaccinated against COVID-19, you should keep taking precautions – like wearing a mask, staying 6 feet apart from others, and avoiding crowds and poorly ventilated spaces – in public places until we know more," the CDC states.
Data has shown that you can still get coronavirus even after you're fully vaccinated, which means if you do get an infection, you could still spread it. "The risks of SARS-CoV-2 infection in fully vaccinated people cannot be completely eliminated as long as there is continued community transmission of the virus," the CDC recently reported. "Vaccinated people could potentially still get COVID-19 and spread it to others."
Why Are COVID-19 Vaccine Side Effects Worse After the Second Shot?
Many people have wondered why they have more intense side effects after getting the second shot for their COVID-19 vaccine.
This phenomenon has to do with how vaccines help your immune system fight infection, and the COVID-19 vaccines aren’t the only vaccines to cause stronger reactions after a repeat dose.
We’ll take a look at how the immune system responds to vaccines and what you can expect after your second shot:
- Which COVID-19 vaccines require a second dose?
- Why does the second vaccine shot have stronger side effects?
- Are some people more likely to have side effects?
- What other vaccines cause stronger side effects after the second dose?
- How many people have side effects?
- What kind of side effects are possible after the second COVID-19 vaccine shot?
- When should I expect to feel side effects after my second shot?
- How long do the side effects last?
- What can I do to treat vaccine side effects?
South African variant can 'break through' Pfizer vaccine, Israeli study says
The coronavirus variant discovered in South Africa can "break through" Pfizer/BioNTech's COVID-19 vaccine to some extent, a real-world data study in Israel found, though its prevalence in the country is low and the research has not been peer reviewed.
The study, released on Saturday, compared almost 400 people who had tested positive for COVID-19, 14 days or more after they received one or two doses of the vaccine, against the same number of unvaccinated patients with the disease. It matched age and gender, among other characteristics.
The South African variant, B.1.351, was found to make up about 1% of all the COVID-19 cases across all the people studied, according to the study by Tel Aviv University and Israel's largest healthcare provider, Clalit.
Social media influencers kicked out of Bali for face-mask prank
A pair of social media influencers will be booted from Bali over a prank video that featured one sporting a painted-on virus mask that broke Covid-19 rules. Authorities in Bali said Friday that they would deport US-based Taiwanese YouTuber Josh Paler Lin and Russian influencer Leia Se over the stunt that went viral.
In the video, Lin expresses surprise that few people seem to notice Se walking around a Bali supermarket with the painted-on blue mask. She applied the make-up after store security initially turned away the maskless Russian. The clip sparked outrage in Bali, where virus cases and deaths have been climbing. Foreigners can be hit with a fine of one million rupiah ($70) for not wearing a mask in Bali and face deportation for the second offence. But authorities decided to boot out the pair over their prank. "We plan to deport them," said Jamaruli Manihuruk, head of Bali's legal and justice office. "It has to wait until flights to their respective countries are available -- hopefully soon."
Lin, 32, who regularly posts prank videos to his 3.4 million subscribers on YouTube, has already deleted the clip and apologised. "I made this video to entertain people because I'm a content creator and it is my job to entertain people," Lin said in an online apology. "However, I did not realise that what I did could actually bring a lot of negative comments," he added.
Singapore reports deaths from COVID-19
18 Apr 2020: 95-yr-old S'porean dies, is 11th death
11 Apr 2020: 90-yr-old man becomes 8th death, 191 new cases
29 Mar 2020 Singapore reports third death from COVID-19
21 Mar 2020 Singapore reports first two coronavirus deaths
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