New China-Myanmar oil pipeline bypasses Malacca trap
China has taken a firm step to beef up its energy security by inaugurating a pipeline that will bring crude oil from a deepwater port in Myanmar, along a transit route that will bypass the strategic Malacca Straits.
The first tanker that will offload 300,000 tons of oil is expected to arrive on Friday at Maday Island, a deep water port developed by China in the Bay of Bengal. From there, oil, mostly brought from West Asia and Africa, will be pumped into a 2402 kilometre long pipeline that will stretch for 771 kilometres in Myanmar and another 1631 kilometres in China. A gas pipeline, next to the Maday Island terminal, already runs from Myanmar port of Kyaukpyu. China also finalised plans to establish a rail corridor from Kyaukpyu to its Yunnan province.
The strategic oil pipeline will service China's two major growth centres Kunming and Chongqing, an industrial hub along the Yangtze River delta. Both cities are pivotal in the development of China's Silk Road Economic Belt the 21st century Maritime Silk Road.
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A new Myanmar oil pipeline helps China dodge US influence
China has taken a major step forward in its quest for energy security by opening an oil pipeline through Myanmar, a cross-border project that also underscores the two countries' increasingly close ties.
Chinese President Xi Jinping and his Myanmar counterpart, Htin Kyaw, agreed on April 10 to activate the oil pipeline, which stretches roughly 770km from Kyaukpyu, a port city in western Myanmar, to the Chinese border. The project -- the crown jewel among the economic cooperation agreements the pair signed during talks in Beijing -- should allow oil-hungry China to reduce its reliance on shipments through sea lanes where the U.S. wields significant influence.
The pipeline can carry up to 22 million tons of oil each year, equivalent to nearly 6% of China's total imports in 2016. Crude oil shipped via this route will be processed mainly at large refineries in Kunming and Chongqing in western China for use in nearby areas.
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New Myanmar Oil Pipeline Seen to Reduce China’s Reliance on US-Influenced Oil Supply
The opening of the new Myanmar oil pipeline, which stretches 770 kilometers from Kyaukpyu in western Myanmar to China's border, is expected to reduce China's reliance on oil supplies that pass through U.S.-influenced sea lanes, giving the country greater energy security.
A report by asia.nikkei.com said that the Myanmar pipeline can carry up to 22 million tons of oil a year, which is nearly equal to 6 percent of China's total oil imports last year. The crude oil that will be transported through the pipeline will be processed in refineries in Chongqing and Kunming.
The pipeline was a joint venture between state-owned China National Petroleum and Myanmar Oil and Gas Enterprise, with the Chinese partner having the majority stake.
China National Petroleum said that the 140,000 tons of oil unloaded from Azerbaijan from the first tanker began on the same day that the pipeline opened.
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China, Myanmar Oil Pipeline To Launch “Very Quickly”
China and Myanmar have finally reached an agreement on an oil pipeline that that would allow China to import crude oil from overseas via Myanmar, and the project is slated to open “very quickly”, according to Chinese Vice Foreign Minister Liu Zhenmin.
An oil refinery in the city of Kunming in China’s southern Yunnan province is complete and ready to receive crude oil via the pipeline, Reuters quoted Liu as saying on Monday.
A couple of weeks ago, the launch of the oil pipeline had been postponed again despite talks of imminent start-up, because the project was awaiting final approvals and permissions for tankers to enter Myanmar waters.
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China-Myanmar Oil Pipeline Starts Pumping
An oil pipeline running through Myanmar into China opened this week after years of delays, reducing China’s dependence on shipments through the contentious South China Sea and the piracy-plagued Strait of Malacca.
Chinese President Xi Jinping and Myanmar President Htin Kyaw witnessed the signing of the agreement on Monday in Beijing. Hours later, a tanker began offloading oil at Made Island, the terminus of the Myanmar side of the line, according to China’s official Xinhua News Agency. As the world’s second-largest oil consumer, China is dependent on imports, which accounted for a record 65% of its total oil usage in 2016. Of those imports, 80% was transported through the Strait of Malacca, where piracy has long been a threat to commercial ships and fishermen.
The pipeline — part of Xi’s One Belt, One Road infrastructure initiative — will allow China to import up to 22 million tons of crude a year, or around 4% of the country’s total annual demand.
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Oil starts flowing through China-Myanmar pipeline
The China-Myanmar crude oil pipeline started operations after an oil tanker began offloading crude oil in the Southeast Asian country on Monday, which signals a new phase in energy cooperation between the two countries and helps ensure China's oil and gas imports.
The 140,000-metric-ton oil tanker Suezmax began offloading crude oil at Made Island oil port, the starting point of the pipeline, in Myanmar. The 771-kilometer pipeline ends in southwestern China's Yunnan province.
The pipeline has a designed annual transmission capacity of 22 million tons. Once the pipeline becomes fully operational, Myanmar can also be provided with 2 million tons of crude oil through it annually.
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Tankers begin to offload oil through China-Myanmar pipeline by-passing Singapore altogether
Bloomberg reported last month (11 Apr) that the China-Myanmar 770km oil pipeline has just opened
A tanker with a capacity of 1 million barrels of crude oil, began offloading oil at Myanmar’s Kyaukpyu port on 10 Apr, before sending it through the pipeline. China’s crude imports rose almost 14 percent last year, the fastest since 2010, and touched a record in December of 8.6 million barrels a day. Once the pipeline is in full-swing, it can supply almost 6 per cent of China’s crude imports.
The pipeline which has been under construction for years, is designed to carry 22 million tons of crude a year or about 442,000 barrels a day. It ends in China’s Yunnan province, where PetroChina has built an oil refinery with the capacity to process 13 million tons a year or about 261,000 barrels a day. PetroChina is also currently in talk with Saudi Arabian Oil Co to invest in the plant, which will officially be opened next month.
Once the refinery begins, it will likely increase China’s net exports of refined products, which rose to a monthly record of 2.85 million tons in November last year. By-passing Singapore altogether.
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China’s One Belt One Road: Myanmar Oil Pipeline
China’s official Xinhua News Agency reported that a crude pipeline to southwestern China through its neighbour Myanmar finally began operations after years of delays, allowing the world’s second-biggest oil user to receive supplies faster from the Middle East and Africa without having to ship through the Straits of Malacca and into the South China Sea.
This is part of President Xi Jinping’s “One Belt, One Road” infrastructure and trade development plan stretching across Asia to Africa and Europe. Not a new plan: The construction of the Myanmar-China pipeline was originally proposed in 2004.
The pipeline is part of an ambitious USD 2.5bn oil and gas project between the two countries, and measures over 2,400 kilometres from the Shwe fields in the Indian Ocean, through Myanmar to the city of Kunming, China.
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China-Myanmar oil pipeline reroutes China’s energy trade
United Dynamic offloaded crude at Made Island Port for the China-Myanmar oil pipeline. Credit: PA Images
The long-delayed China-Myanmar oil pipeline is now operational, reducing China’s dependence on the Straits of Malacca when shipping crude. The crude oil pipeline begins at Made Island port in Myanmar’s western Rakhine state. It runs 771 km through Rakhine, Magway, Mandalay regions, and Shan state, ending in China’s Yunnan province.
This means China can ship Middle Eastern and African crudes to Myanmar before piping cargoes to Yunnan, bypassing the Straits of Malacca, a major oil chokepoint. The pipeline is designed to carry 22 million tonnes of crude each year, and Myanmar is expected to take 2 million tonnes.
Running parallel to the oil pipeline is a 12 billion m³ per annum natural gas pipeline that allows China to tap into Myanmar’s gas reserves. This began operations in 2013.
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Myanmar Oil & Gas Pipeline To China Opens While Saudi Arabia Radicalizes Nearby Bangladesh & Indonesia
New Myanmar Oil Pipeline Opens To Reduce China’s Current Critical Dependence on the Strait of Malacca
China currently imports 50% of its oil from the Middle East, which currently passes through the narrow Strait of Malacca between Indonesia and Malaysia and could be easily blockaded by the U.S. if it so wished. Japan, South Korea and Taiwan also import most of their oil and gas using the same route.
China is seeking to reduce its dependency on the Strait of Malacca, by massively expanding supplies of oil and gas from Russia with new pipelines and via the recently opened, Chinese built, Myanmar oil and gas pipeline.
The opening of the new Myanmar oil pipeline, which stretches 770 kilometers from Kyaukpyu in western Myanmar to China’s border, is expected to reduce China’s reliance on oil supplies that pass through the U.S. controlled Strait of Malacca, giving the country greater energy security.
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Examining the Construction of the China-Myanmar Petroleum and Natural Gas Pipeline: Domestic Policy Process and International Energy Procurement
Critical Sea-lane and Oil & Gas Pipeline (Designed by Kenjiro Totsuji)
This report aims to understand the policy processes regarding the recent development of China-Myanmar oil and natural gas pipelines, which were initially motivated in the context of the Chinese national energy security enhancement by reducing its dependence on the critical sea-lane in the Strait of Malacca (See the figure below). In section 1 we reveals considerations of relevant parties in the construction of the pipelines, taking into account of strategies of not only Chinese central government, but also regional governments and state-owned oil companies. The paper contends that the role that state-owned oil companies and regional governments near procurement sites play in policymaking processes becomes even more important as China accelerates its energy procurement in recent years.
Section 2 summarizes the negotiations and construction processes of pipeline through the lens of summit diplomacy. As is widely known, China has been strengthening its foreign aid since the 1990s in the aim of securing strategic resources such as oil and natural gas, just as Japan has done since the 1970s. While Myanmar government was awash in criticism and being sanctioned by the West, Chinese government succeeded in building a close relationship with Myanmar’s military regime by providing continual support. With this relationship of political trust in place, large Chinese investment projects including the pipeline were approved in succession.
Section 3 examines some reflections and opposing viewpoints on the pipeline project and even China’s investment strategies. First, some opponents consider the construction of pipeline is not cost-effective, namely, although the possibility of threats to oil transportation passing through the Strait of Malacca indeed exists, the necessity of pouring billions of dollars into constructing pipelines has been doubted. Additionally, if conflicts large enough to threaten freedom of navigation, Myanmar-China pipeline would also become a target for attacks. Secondly, difficulties of operating the pipeline safely and normally have also been pointed out in view of the sophisticated political situations in Myanmar. Thirdly, so far China have relied on summit diplomacy too heavily so as to neglect communicating with local fighters and ordinary people. Partly due to this Chinese enterprises prefer to stress short term interests, e.g., securing resources while overlooking environment protection and poverty alleviation.
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With Oil And Gas Pipelines, China Takes A Shortcut Through Myanmar
The new route however, has one invaluable advantage in eyes of Chinese leaders: it bypasses the Malacca straits, whose infamous waters are infested with pirates. A 300,000 ton super tanker recently discharged its oil at the new deepwater port located on Maday Island—the first time this had happened—marking the start of new pipeline’s operation. That oil will now flow to Kunming, the capital of the southeast Chinese province of Yunnan, which borders Myanmar. The pipeline shortens the distance the oil will have to travel by sea to reach China by 700 miles. It also cuts by 30% the time this liquid black gold will take to get to the Middle Kingdom.
Avoiding the Malacca detour had the other, even more invaluable advantage in the eyes of the Chinese leadership. With 80% of all imported hydrocarbons to China going through the Malacca sea-route, China is vulnerable to having its overseas energy supplies blockaded by the American 6th Fleet during a Sino-U.S. geopolitical crisis. The Burmese pipeline diminishes that risk, as the oil and natural gas will no long have to pass through the Malacca Straits chokepoint.
Parallel to the oil pipeline of Maday, another link has been functioning since October last, from the sea port of Kyaukpyu, which is dedicated to methane. This pipeline has already transported to China four billion cubic meters of methane from both Burmese and Middle Eastern (Qatari) sources.
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China Kunming to Myanmar Kyaukpyu DWP pipelines
This will be part of “China’s new strategic energy channels”. Gao Jianguo, director of Myanmar pipeline projects for CNPC, said pressure tests on oil and natural gas pipelines should start next month and both should begin operating in early June.
The 683-mile pipelines will run from western Myanmar ports to China's southern Yunnan province. Crude oil deliveries will arrive by maritime transport from the Indian Ocean. Xinhua reports the pipelines are designed to carry more than 22 million tons of oil and more than 420 billion cubic feet of natural gas per year. "The channels will significantly increase the energy supply to the country's underdeveloped southwestern regions," the Chinese report stated.
International investors are examining business opportunities in the Myanmar energy sector as world governments ease sanctions on the country because of political reforms. A relatively strong Chinese economy, meanwhile, is reshaping oil and natural gas demand dynamics on the international market.
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New China-Myanmar pipeline opens
Some 1,727 kilometers of the 2,520-kilometer pipeline are in China, running through provincial regions in Southwest China's Yunnan, Guizhou and Chongqing, and South China' s Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.Starting from Myanmar's Kyaukpyu Harbor and ending in China's Guigang, Guizhou Province, the pipeline is expected to send 12 billion cubic meters of gas each year to Myanmar and the Chinese regions, according to the China National Petroleum Corporation, the builder of the project. In Guizhou Province, four cities including Guiyang will be supplied 1 million cubic meters of piped gas each day, Liu Qilong, a vice general manager of Guizhou gas group, told the Global Times on Sunday.
The piped gas will improve local air quality as 90 percent of local factories in Guizhou rely on coal and most residents' cooking fuel is also refined from coal, said Liu. The pipeline will also change the energy structure in these regions. For example, the amount of industrial-use piped gas will increase from the current 5 million cubic meters to 500 million cubic meters by the end of 2014, reported China National Radio (CNR). "Local companies don't have to worry about the gas limit anymore," Liu said. This pipeline will relieve China's energy risks and will also reduce the price of gas, Lin Boqiang, a professor with the China Center for Energy Economics Research at Xiamen University, told the Global Times.
"Currently, China's piped gas is mainly imported from areas around the Malacca Strait. Now, we have one more pipeline from the land instead of the seabed, which will decrease dangerous factors," Lin said, adding that gas price in these areas is expected to go down as piped gas is the cheapest gas.
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China opens pipeline to bring gas from Myanmar
The 793-kilometre pipeline connects the Bay of Bengal with southwest China’s Yunnan province and is expected to transfer 12 billion cubic metres of natural gas to China annually, according to a news release on the website of China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC). A parallel 771-kilometre pipeline that will carry Middle East oil – shipped via the Indian Ocean – is still under construction.
China’s investments, largely in energy and mining, have generated controversy in Myanmar because they have done little to relieve that country’s chronic power shortages. In response, last year the Myanmar government abruptly suspended construction of the China-backed Myitsone dam, which would displace thousands and flood the spiritual heartland of Myanmar’s Kachin ethnic minority.
While the pipelines are only expected to provide a small proportion of China’s oil and gas consumption, they are strategically important to Beijing. The gas pipeline that began operating on Sunday offers a nearby source of gas, and the oil pipeline would eliminate the need for tankers from the Middle East to pass through the crowded Malacca Strait between Malaysia and Indonesia.
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China-Myanmar oil and gas pipelines to lower energy costs
"China's energy security will be further guaranteed by the exploration of the new import route through Myanmar, and the energy importing channels will be further diversified," said Xu Liping, deputy director of China's Center for South Asian Studies.
He said oil and natural gas from the Middle East and Africa will be transported by way of the Indian Ocean and the pipelines to China's vast inland, without detouring through the Strait of Malacca in Southeast Asia, which is controlled by the United States.
After three years of construction, the 800-kilometer China-Myanmar natural gas pipeline is expected to undergo testruns soon, and the oil pipeline will be completed in two to three months, Xinhua reported.
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RUSSIA FINISHES PIPELINE SENDING THEIR SIBERIAN OIL TO CHINA
The pipeline, running 67km from Skovorodino in east Siberia to China’s north-eastern frontier, is an offshoot of a new oil export route Russia is building to the Pacific Ocean, providing a strategic window on the fast-growing energy markets of Asia.
“This is a vital project for us as we begin to diversify our sales of strategic raw materials,” Mr Putin said. “So far we have delivered most oil to Europe … The Asia-Pacific region has received insubstantial volumes.”
Russia began exporting oil this year from a new export terminal on the Pacific Ocean built to serve fields in east Siberia, one of the world’s last untapped oil provinces. Some Kremlin-friendly oil companies have been granted tax breaks to speed development of east Siberian reserves and offset a decline in production in other regions.
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China Opens Valve For Myanmar Gas Pipeline
The major Chinese project is one of the last large committed investments made into Myanmar that are just coming to fruition. However, its commencement of operations marks the beginning of more long-term business relations. The lengthy pipeline is expected to transfer 12 billion cubic meters of natural gas to China annually, according to state-owned China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC). Capital-starved Myanmar will thus find itself interlocked with China, which is looking to serve its own voracious hungry for energy.
The pipeline is also a strategic move for Beijing, which is eyeing the piping system to also funnel oil directly into the country, avoiding the crowded and risky Malacca Strait between Indonesia and Malaysia.
Besides natural gas, China has been scouring Myanmar for its natural resources for years before the country begin playing out a reformist agenda.
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Myanmar Oil Pipeline Could Bring Cheaper Crude To China
That’s a 770-kilometer crude oil pipeline in the Southeast Asian nation of Myanmar. Owned and built by China — and giving that country unprecedented access to crude flows in the Indian Ocean.
The first-ever tanker of oil began loading to the new pipeline on Monday, according to reports from Chinese media. With this initial slug of 1 million barrels to begin transiting across Myanmar, bound for refineries in Kunming, southern China. You can see the route in the chart below.
China’s new crude pipeline (green line) runs 770 kilometers from the Myanmar port of Kyaukphyu all the way to Kunming.
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771-km Myanmar-China Crude Oil Pipeline Begins Operations
Against a background of strained historical relations between China and Myanmar as well as strong environmental opposition, the Myanmar-China crude oil pipeline has finally begun operations.
The $1.5 billion oil pipeline has been sitting empty for two years, but the two sides finally agreed on transport tariffs, allowing the project to proceed, said Myanmar-based government and industry sources.
The agreement between China’s PetroChina and Myanmar’s government will allow the state energy giant to import overseas oil via the Bay of Bengal and pump it through the pipeline to supply a new 260,000-barrels-per-day (bpd) refinery in landlocked Yunnan province. This solution avoids sending tankers through the Straits of Malacca and into the South China Sea.
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China Opens Delayed Myanmar Oil Pipeline to Get Mideast Crude Faster
A Suezmax-sized tanker, which can hold 140,000 metric tons (about 1 million barrels) of crude, began offloading oil for the pipeline on Monday at Myanmar’s Made Island, according to China’s official Xinhua News Agency. Operations on the line, which was completed in 2014 and originally scheduled to start the same year, are beginning after the government of Myanmar agreed to lower transit fees, Wang Dongjin, president of PetroChina Co., said last month.
The link, which allows China to import crude from the Middle East and Africa without having to ship through the Straits of Malacca and into the South China Sea, is part of President Xi Jinping’s "One Belt, One Road" infrastructure and trade development plan stretching across Asia to Africa and Europe.
"It may send a message to those countries that are still hesitating about whether to participate that the initiative is China’s top national strategy and can bring economic benefits to participants," said Fan Hongwei, an international relations professor at Xiamen University who specializes in Myanmar.
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Sino-Myanmar pipelines
Sino-Myanmar pipelines refers to planned oil and natural gas pipelines linking Myanmar's deep-water port of Kyaukphyu (Sittwe) in the Bay of Bengal with Kunming in Yunnan province of China.
Talks between China and Myanmar on the feasibility of the project began in 2004. In December 2005, PetroChina signed a deal with Myanmar's Government to purchase natural gas over a 30 year period. Based on this agreement, the parent company of PetroChina, China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC), signed on 25 December 2008 a contract with the Daewoo International-led consortium to purchase natural gas from the Shwe gas field in A-1 offshore block.
The plan to build the oil and gas pipelines was approved by China's National Development and Reform Commission in April 2007. In November 2008, China and Myanmar agreed to build a US$1.5 billion oil pipeline and US$1.04 billion natural gas pipeline. In March 2009, China and Myanmar signed an agreement to build a natural gas pipeline, and in June 2009 an agreement to build a crude oil pipeline. The inauguration ceremony marking the start of construction was held on 31 October 2009 on Maday Island. The Myanmar section of the gas pipeline was completed on 12 June 2013 and gas started to flow to China on 21 October 2013. The oil pipeline was completed in Aug, 2014.
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Full Coverage:
China Opens Delayed Myanmar Oil Pipeline to Get Mideast Crude
China and Myanmar open long-delayed oil pipeline
Beset by delays, Myanmar-China oil pipeline nears start-up
Sino-Myanmar pipelines - Wikipedia
Myanmar, China finally reach deal on oil pipeline
Oil starts flowing through China-Myanmar pipeline
Beset by delays, Myanmar-China oil pipeline nears start-up
China-Myanmar Oil Pipeline Starts Pumping
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Myanmar pipeline gives China faster supply of oil from Middle East
China and Myanmar sign oil pipeline deal
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China-Myanmar crude oil pipeline begins operation
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Myanmar-China crude oil pipeline starts operations
China-Myanmar oil pipeline reroutes China's energy trade
China-Myanmar crude oil pipeline begins to flow - YouTube
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China Connects World's Largest Floating Solar Farm to Local Grid
The 40-megawatt facility is situated in the coal-rich Huainan City in Anhui Province. It is located in a former mining area that turned into a lake by subsidence and heavy rain, with a water depth ranging between four and 10 meters. The floating solar farm was built by photovoltaic maker Sungrow Power Supply Co. using its central inverter unit SG2500-MV. The SG2500-MV inverter system is able to convert direct current from solar panels into alternating current that could be sent to the grid. The system also houses an inverter, a transformer, and a switch gear in a single unit called a turnkey station, Cleantech Canada reported.
The new solar farm is just one of the many solar energy operations sprouting around China. Floating solar farms can reduce water evaporation and prevent algae growth. Water could also help cool down modules and cables, thus making it more efficient on power generation. It could also address city planning issues and free up land in more populated areas. China is currently leading in the adoption of solar power. In fact, its solar power output jumped by up to 80 percent as of March 2017, managing 21.4 billion kilowatt-hours in this year's first quarter. Aside from being a home to the world's largest floating solar panel, China also holds record for the biggest land-based solar panel, covering 27 square kilometers in Qinghai province.
By the end of the decade, China could lower prices offered to photovoltaic developers by over a third with solar power plants projected to compete coal facilities within a decade. It also revealed its plans to increase its use of non-fossil fuel energy sources by 20 percent.
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World’s largest automated port to become operational by year end
The Yangshan Port is part of a concerted effort of backward integration with hinterland cities and towns in the prosperous Yangtze River Delta Economic Zone, which contributes about 100 million TEUs to the port, said Fang Huaijin, vice president of the Shanghai International Port Group.
A comprehensive logistic network has formed along the Yangtze River, covering 22 projects from 12 cities and regions, including Nanjing, Jiujiang, Wuhan, and Chongqing, Fang added.
The port is now seeking opportunities along the Maritime Silk Road, Fang disclosed, adding that the fourth phase of the Yangshan Deep-Water Port will serve as the gold standard for ports that want to participate in the Belt and Road Initiative.
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