24/10/2018

The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge


The jaw-dropping beauty of the world's longest sea bridge is unmissable!

Chinese President Xi Jinping, on October 23, officially opened the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge. Measuring 55km in length, it is the world's largest sea bridge.
The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau bridge is 55km in length. This makes it the world's longest sea bridge.  (Photo Credit : AP)
Around 420,000 tonnes of steel was used to construct this massive bridge. As per AFP, that amount of steel can build 60 Eiffel Towers. The bridge is expected to last for 120 years.  (Photo Credit : AP)
The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau bridge features six lanes and four tunnels with one of them being underwater. To support the bridge, the Chinese have also built four artificial islands.  (Photo Credit : AP)
It is believed that the estimated cost of building the world's largest sea bridge rests somewhere around USD15 billion. The bridge was completed in 7 years.  (Photo Credit : AP)
The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau bridge will cut the travelling time between Hong Kong and the Western Pearl River Delta region significantly.  (Photo Credit : AP)
Only the wealthy ones or those politically connected will be allowed to drive through this bridge. For this, the administration will be issuing only 10,000 licenses for Hong Kong-mainland dual-plate private cars and 300 for Macau vehicles.  (Photo Credit : AP)
Special systems are in place to track whether a driver is yawning or dozing while driving.  (Photo Credit : AP)
This is an artistic illustration of a part of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau bridge. Pic Credit: Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge Authority 

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World's longest sea crossing: Hong Kong-Zhuhai bridge opens
One of two artificial islands that have been built as part of the multi-billion-dollar project

Chinese President Xi Jinping has officially opened the world's longest sea crossing bridge, nine years after construction first began. Including its access roads, the bridge spans 55km (34 miles) and connects Hong Kong to Macau and the mainland Chinese city of Zhuhai.

The bridge cost about $20bn (£15.3bn) and should have opened in 2016. Designed to withstand earthquakes and typhoons, it was built using 400,000 tonnes of steel, enough to build 60 Eiffel Towers.

About 30km of its total length crosses the sea of the Pearl River delta. To allow ships through, a 6.7km section in the middle dips into an undersea tunnel that runs between two artificial islands. The remaining sections are link roads, viaducts and land tunnels connecting Zhuhai and Hong Kong to the main bridge.

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$20 billion and 9 years later, world's longest sea-crossing bridge finally opens
(Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau bridge)  An evening view of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau bridge and its entrances to a cross sea tunnel, off Lantau island in Hong Kong, China October 21, 2018, before its opening ceremony on October 23, 2018. Picture taken October 21, 2018 Reuters

The world's longest sea bridge Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge will be thrown open for traffic on October 24, the authorities said Saturday.

The 55-kilometre-long bridge, situated in the Lingdingyang waters of the Pearl River Estuary, will be the world's longest sea bridge, state-run Xinhua news agency reported.

The construction of the multibillion-dollar bridge had begun in December 2009. It will slash the travel time between Hong Kong and Zhuhai from three hours to just 30 minutes, further integrating the cities in the Pearl River Delta.

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China opens world's longest sea bridge connecting Hong Kong to Macau, Zhuhai
China already lays claim to the record for the world's longest bridge of any kind -- the Danyang-Kunshan Grand Bridge, a viaduct which is part of a high-speed rail line

China's President Xi Jinping launched the world's longest sea bridge connecting Hong Kong, Macau and mainland China on Tuesday at a time when Beijing is tightening its grip on its semi-autonomous territories. Xi announced the bridge officially open at a ceremony also attended by Hong Kong's and Macau's city leaders at a new port terminal in the southern mainland city of Zhuhai.

The 55-kilometre (34-mile) crossing, which includes a snaking road bridge and underwater tunnel, links Hong Kong's Lantau island to Zhuhai and the gambling enclave of Macau, across the waters of the Pearl River Estuary.

It is the second major infrastructure project tying Hong Kong to mainland China to launch in a matter of weeks, after the opening of a high-speed rail link last month, and is part of a Beijing-driven strategy to create a sprawling "Greater Bay Area" economic hub. Critics say the new multi-billion-dollar sea-bridge is one more way to integrate Hong Kong into China as fears grow that the city's cherished freedoms are being eroded. The mega bridge will open to traffic on Wednesday.

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World’s longest sea bridge opens between Hong Kong and mainland China
China’s new mega-bridge was officially opened today by President Xi Jinping after 9 years of construction

The 55-kilometre-long structure, which is the longest over-sea bridge in the world, crosses the Pearl River estuary to connect the Chinese mainland to Hong Kong and Macau. It’s 20 times longer than the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco.

In one section, the bridge transitions to an underwater tunnel for 7 kilometres to make way for ships to cross and planes to take off from the nearby Hong Kong International Airport. About 400,000 tons of steel was used in the project, equivalent to eight times the amount used to build the Sydney Harbour Bridge. The structure is supported by pillars embedded in the seafloor, cables hanging from giant towers, and two artificial islands.

According to its engineers, it should be able to withstand a magnitude-8 earthquake, a super typhoon, or a collision with a 300,000-tonne ship.

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China’s new bridge will connect 70 million people — and give Beijing more power
An aerial view of the Hong Kong section of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge on October 21, 2018, in Hong Kong, China. The bridge is scheduled to start operation on October 24. VCG via Getty Images

China is about to open a bridge that’s 20 times longer than the Golden Gate Bridge. It will connect roughly 70 million people in 11 cities. Yeah, let that sink in for a moment.

The nine-year, $20 billion project will provide citizens of Hong Kong, Macau, and Chinese coastal urban areas six lanes to travel in a region roughly twice as large as the San Francisco Bay area.

Advocates say the crossing will cut end-to-end travel times from three hours to just 30 minutes. It’s also an incredible engineering feat: It reportedly can withstand an 8.0-magnitude earthquake, according to CNN, and will be the sixth-largest bridge in the world. (China has six of the nine largest bridges.)

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Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macau Bridge
The bridge’s route

The Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macau Bridge (HZMB or HKZMB) is a bridge–tunnel system, which consists of a series of three cable-stayed bridges and one undersea tunnel, as well as two artificial islands. It spans the Lingdingyang channel, which connects Hong Kong with Macau and Zhuhai, three major cities on the Pearl River Delta.

For the construction cost of the HZMB Main Bridge, the total contribution of the three places (Hong Kong, Mainland China and Macau) will be RMB¥15.73 billion, among which the government of the Hong Kong will contribute RMB¥6.75 billion. It became the longest bridge over water in the world, toppling the Jiaozhou Bay Bridge (which is also located in China).

Originally set to be opened to traffic in October 2016, the structure was completed on 14 November 2017 and was opened on 23 October 2018 with journalists already given rides over the bridge. On October 23, 2018, Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the Communist Party of China, and Politburo Standing Committee member Han Zheng attended the opening ceremony of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge at the Zhuhai Port terminal.

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The construction site of Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge

Aerial photo taken on June 29, 2016 shows the construction site of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge in the Lingdingyang waters, south China. The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge is to be officially open to traffic at 9 a.m. on Oct. 24.

The 55-kilometer-long bridge, situated in the Lingdingyang waters of the Pearl River Estuary, will be the world's longest sea bridge. The construction began on Dec. 15, 2009.

It will slash the travel time between Hong Kong and Zhuhai from three hours to just 30 minutes, further integrating the cities in the Pearl River Delta. (Xinhua/Liang Xu)

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A megaproject full of Chinese wisdom
Bridge, island and tunnel are all indispensable to the HZMB project. /VCG Photo

The world's longest sea-based project comprises four parts, including a 22.9-kilometer steel bridge, two artificial islands, a submerged sea tunnel extending for 6.7 kilometers at a depth of 40 meters, as well as leading bridges that connect the bridge to the cities. For a bridge project, designers prefer to build all the structure on the ground, and only opt to the tunnel when there is no alternative. However, for the HZMB, the most feasible design is to integrate bridge, island and tunnel to form a complete cross-sea channel.

"The Pearl River Estuary holds a world-level shipping channel where around 5,000 vessels get through at its busiest time of the day. Smooth traffic should be guaranteed. And the location is near the Hong Kong International Airport. With about 2,000 flights taking off and landing at the airport, the bridge cannot be built too high for safety reasons," said Meng Fanchao, chief designer of the HZMB project. "But you cannot have a submerged sea tunnel without any support. That forced us to build the artificial islands."

Chinese engineers blazed a trail in installing deep-immersed tunnel tubes. "There is no model for us to refer to as all the cases are shallow-buried tubes," said Su. "Due to lack of experience, the installation of the first tube lasted for 96 hours, and we did not take a rest for four days and five nights," said Yin Haiqing, deputy manager of the Project Management Department for Island and Tunnel. "Everyone was exhausted when we made it." The 6.7-kilometer tunnel is the world's longest submerged sea tunnel.

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