07/10/2023

Floor tiles in some HDB flats popping up or cracking


Floor Tiles In Sengkang Unit Pop Up & Shatter Loudly

What was a quiet Sunday evening turned into a horror show for Facebook user Mr Ho when he saw shocking scenes on his in-home CCTV cameras — the tiles on his living room floor popping and shattering loudly. The tiles seemingly cracked in succession, with some bending upwards and others popping clean out of the floor and breaking into pieces. Thankfully, no one was home at the time or got hurt.

On 8 Oct, Mr Ho posted two videos in the Singapore Home DIY Facebook group of the unusual incident that occurred in his home earlier that evening. The clips capture what happened at about 3.20pm from two angles, one showing the living room and areas outside the bedrooms. For most of the runtime, nothing appears to be happening. However, a constant cracking noise can be heard throughout the house, slowly getting louder and louder.

Finally, a line of tiles suddenly folds upwards with a much louder crack, knocking a shelf upwards and setting off a chain reaction. With that, tiles start popping out of place and breaking into shards — some of which fly a short distance into the air and shatter upon landing.


Floor tiles in HDB flat living room suddenly explode while nobody around

Unexpected things can happen any time. Facebook user Teddy Ho shared two videos of the tiles in his living room exploding in Facebook group Singapore Home DIY.

This happened in the afternoon of Oct. 8, 2023 at around 3:20pm and the damage was quite extensive.

The tiles underneath his dining table, in the hallway and in front of his television set apparently just “exploded”. Some tiles were cracked, while others were dislodged or completely shattered.


Tampines Flat Floor Tiles Shatter In Front Of Toddler, Resident Files Complaint To HDB
Tampines HDB Floor Tiles ‘Explode’ & Crack On 22 Jan

Our homes are safe spaces where we let our guard down and unwind. But sometimes, unexpected – and potentially dangerous incidents – could also occur.

On Sunday (23 Jan), a Tampines resident took to Facebook to share an incident where her flat’s floor tiles shattered right in front of his young toddler. The tiles, which occupied a sizeable floor area, appeared to have popped and cracked. Thankfully, nobody was injured.

Subsequently, the man lodged a report with the Housing Development Board (HDB). Later, an officer came to inspect the damages and helped arrange housekeeping to clear the mess.


Floor tiles in Tampines HDB flat explode suddenly, grandma & toddler inches away
Floor tiles in the living room of a HDB flat in Tampines Street 45 exploded suddenly on Saturday evening, Jan. 22

Video footage captured the moment loud snapping and cracking noises were heard, followed by the floor suddenly bursting upwards spontaneously, shattering multiple tiles into pieces at one time.

A grandmother and her grandchild were only a few inches away when the tiles exploded.

Details about the incident, plus video footage of it, were put up on Facebook by the homeowner on Jan. 23.

read more

Kitchen floor tiles of 16-year-old HDB flat in Toa Payoh spontaneously crack & shatter
The 15-year warranty for the tiles expired last year

A Singaporean woman and her mother were in for a surprise on Sunday (Mar. 21), when the kitchen floor tiles in their Housing and Development Board (HDB) flat began making popping sounds. Within a few minutes, the tiles had cracked, leaving them with a mess in the kitchen.

Sounded like popcorn - Mothership reader Jessica Thian was at the flat that she co-owns with her mother, located at Block 146 Lorong 2 Toa Payoh, when the incident occurred on Sunday (Mar. 21).

They have owned the flat, which is on the 22nd floor, since the block was constructed about 16 years ago, Thian told Mothership. They had never had problems with the flooring before, which is the original flooring that was installed by HDB.

read more

Kitchen floor tiles in a Toa Payoh HDB flat began emitting popping sounds before cracking open

On a Sunday afternoon (21 March), a Singaporean woman and her mother encountered a rather peculiar mess after the floor tiles of their 16-year-old Housing and Development Board (HDB) flat in Toa Payoh started making popping sounds. Just within minutes after that, the tiles cracked open.

The woman, Jessica Thian, who co-owns the Block 146 Lorong 2 Toa Payoh unit with her mother, said to Mothership that they never had issues with the flooring before, and it was the original flooring that was installed by HDB. She also noted that their unit is located on the 22nd floor of the block. Ms Thian explained that sometime between noon and 2pm on Sunday, her mother heard some strange sounds, which sounded like someone making popcorn, coming from the kitchen. During that time, she was in the living room watching television.

Upon hearing the sounds, she alerted her daughter, who then grabbed her phone and began recording the incident. In the video, one can clearly hear the cracking sounds coming from the flooring. In fact, the tiles also seemed to be pushing against each other, and became slightly elevated in the middle. Suddenly, the two tiles near the cabinet cracked and shattered, resulting in tiles pieces flying a few centimetres into the air. Ms Thian added that after a few hours from the initial crack, more tiles began cracking several other times, leaving the kitchen in a mess with broken pieces all over the place with uneven flooring.

read more

Tiles 'pop out' in HDB flats at multiple estates in S'pore, 'fall apart' at Toa Payoh


Residents in various HDB flats across Singapore have experienced the ‘popping’ of their floor tiles within the last few days, with cases reported at Toa Payoh, Fernvale and Woodlands .

Stomper Bala, who stays at Block 407B in Fernvale Road, was in his living room watching television on Sunday (Jan 14) at around 11.30pm, when he started hearing a popping sound coming from his floor.

At first, he thought that the noise was coming from the ceiling of his neighbour below. Concerned, he went down to warn his neighbour. 

read more

Sembawang resident concerned about repair costs after tiles pop out in 16-year-old flat

The popping out of tiles in Stomper Chia's living room at his Sembawang flat has left him feeling stressed over repair costs.

Chia said the incident occurred in his sixth-floor unit at Block 470 Sembawang Drive on Wednesday (Dec 11), at around 6.30pm.

He told Stomp: "My son and I were at home when we suddenly heard a popping sound. "We found that tiles in the living room had popped out.

read more

Serangoon North flat owner spooked by 'violent' cracking of tiles: "I thought it was an earthquake"

A flat owner was shocked by when tiles in his 13th storey flat suddenly cracked. The incident happened at a unit in Block 141 Serangoon North Avenue 2 on Saturday (Oct 7), at around 12.35pm.

The 67-year-old owner, Mr Zhang told Shin Min Daily News that he was in the living room eating, when he suddenly heard a loud noise akin to firecrackers popping, coming from his grandson’s room. His wife, domestic helper and four-year-old granddaughter were present at the time.

Mr Zhang immediately went to investigate and found that the tiles in the room had buckled. 

read more

Tiles suddenly 'pop' off wall at lift lobby of Blk 547 Woodlands Dr 16

Stomper Hussein was with his daughters at Block 547 Woodlands Drive 16 yesterday (Oct 30) when two piles suddenly fell off the wall at the lift lobby.

The tiles "popped" off the wall and broke on the floor.

Said the Stomper: "It scared my two young girls."

read more

Floor tiles 'pop out' of ground at Beauty World MRT Station

Replacement works are being carried out within parts of Beauty World MRT Station on the Downtown Line.

According to Stomper Paul, this is due to the granite floor tiles 'popping out' of the ground and having to be changed.

Paul has expressed concerns over the incident, which he says has been going on in various sections of the MRT station ever since April.

read more

Family forced to run out of HDB flat after kitchen tiles crack in the middle of night

A family was left shocked and worried after their kitchen's floor tiles cracked and popped in the wee hours of the morning on Friday (Mar 10).

In a Facebook post, DiaNa Daniel said she and her kids were sleeping when her husband, who had just returned from work, hear a loud, cracking sound.

He looked from the living room and realised half the kitchen floor had cracked and popped. DiaNa said he quickly grabbed the baby and told the rest to run out of the house.

read more

Sudden crack of tiles at Telok Blangah coffee shop: 'I was saved by my daughter's decision'

Tiles at a coffee shop at Block 10, Telok Blangah Crescent suddenly cracked yesterday evening (Jan 13), causing diners to stop their meals halfway and flee.

Stomper Angela was at the scene and witnessed the incident, which occurred at about 8pm.

She told Stomp: "We were having dinner when we heard a pop sound and suddenly, the floor started to crack.

read more

Floor tiles crack and pop out at lobby of Choa Chu Kang Crescent block

Stomper Hilary was shocked to discover that the tiles at the lift lobby of Block 690A Choa Chu Kang Crescent had popped out after suffering damage.

The incident happened on Wednesday (Feb 21) at around 7pm.

After hearing a loud ‘popping’ sound, Hilary rushed down to investigate and found that some tiles in the lobby had become elevated, while others suffered extensive cracks.

read more

Floor tiles suddenly 'pop up' at Bedok North coffee shop during lunch time

Stomper Anonymous and his wife were having their lunch at a coffee shop at Block 416 Bedok North Avenue 2 when all of a sudden, the tiles on the floor started popping up.

The Stomper was shocked when he saw this happen on Sunday (Sep 27) at 1.30pm and told Stomp about this incident.

He also sent photos of the popped-up floor tiles.

read more

Floor tiles explode just inches from toddler in Tampines home

A family at home were stunned and baffled when floor tiles exploded just inches away from where they stood.

Video footage of the incident was put up on Facebook by the homeowner of Jan 23, and it shows the moment a part of the living room floor cracks and bursts into dust – startling a woman whose toddler grandchild is in a pram less than a metre away.

In the post, the homeowner, Mr Fauzi Hussin, said his wife, baby and mother-in-law were at home in their Housing Board flat in Tampines Street 45 when the incident occurred at 7:35pm on Jan 22.

read more

Yishun Ring Road flat tiles popped up spontaneously like magic
According to Channel 8 News, living room tiles in an Yishun Ring Road HDB flat cracked and popped up spontaneously around 11pm at Jan. 30

A Madam Chen told Channel 8 News that when the incident happened, her four-month-old niece was resting on the sofa.

She said that her two other nieces, aged two and seven, usually plays on the living room floor, but they were fortunately not around when the tiles popped and cracked.

Personnel from the Housing Development Board (HDB) visited the Block 398 flat on Jan. 31 at 10.40am to investigate whether the popping tiles were a structural issue. They concluded that it was not.

read more

Jimmy Oh 14 January

Having stayed in my current HDB flat for 15 years 13 days, the floor tiles in my living room decided to give way and surrender to the cold and wet weather that ruled Singapore for the past 1 week.

The floor tiles started to pop up around 1.30pm and the pop up really sound like you are caught in a earth quake. We thought the ceiling was falling down as we have false ceiling at our living room but it was the floor tiles that were popping up one by one. It simply look like those Hollywood movies that show natural disasters like Tsunami unfold in front of us. I saw floor tiles popping up one by one right in front of my eyes.

The affected area stretch from the main door in the form of a T shape and end at my dining table. Thank God my kids ain't playing or running around that area during this unfortunate event.

read more


Tiles popping up or cracking in HDB flats in several areas
Tiles shattered in the living room of a Fernvale flat. FOTO: COURTESY OF JOHNSON NG

Residents of HDB flats in several areas who found tiles in their homes popping up or cracked are advised to move them to a safe spot & cover the affected space with cardboard.

The Housing Board also said in a Facebook post yesterday that it was aware of the cases reported in Sengkang, Woodlands, Toa Payoh, Bukit Panjang & Jurong West.

Residents of these places had posted on Facebook over the weekend videos and photos of dislodged tiles, mostly on their floors.

read more


Believe it or not, the tiles didn’t pop just because of “Singapore winter”

The “Singapore winter’ probably played a part but there are other factors contributing to the popping tiles issue.

If you’re renovating your house soon and replacing your floor tiles, remember to choose good quality tiles and make sure your contractor doesn’t do a sloppy job.

We’re not joking. In the first half of January alone, there were already 700 reported cases of popped or dislodged tiles in HDB flats. This figure is a third of the total reported in the entire year of 2016. According to HDB, they receive 2,000 of such cases every year in the past two years.

read more

Floor tiles suddenly crack with explosive sounds at yet another HDB flat, stunning elderly homeowner

65-year-old retiree Mr Tan was about to head to bed after lounging on the sofa in his living room, last Friday around 9pm, when he heard sounds of an “explosion” coming from his kitchen.

Rushing to investigate, Mr Tan discovered that the floor tiles in his kitchen had cracked for no apparent reason. The force of the cracking apparently even sent some pieces of the tiles to fly to his living room area.

The elderly homeowner, who has lived at his HDB flat on the 12th floor of 526 Hougang Ave 6 for the past 30 years, told the Chinese daily.

related: HDB UNIT’S FLOOR TILES “EXPLODE” WITH FIRECRACKER-LIKE SOUND; ELDERLY HOMEOWNER CAN’T AFFORD $5000 TO REPAIR BROKEN TILES

read more

Residents terror-stricken after floor tiles 'explode' at HDB flats
A view of a newly constructed public housing estate in Singapore Reuters

Floor tiles of residents of Housing and Development Board (HDB) flats at multiple locations like Punggol, Sengkang, Bukit Panjang, Woodlands, Hougang & Jurong West have 'exploded' over the weekend, complained the residents.

According to an eyewitness, the tiles started bending inwards mysteriously in their flat at Block 638A Punggol Drive on Sunday. He also said that the tiles were wobbly.

Another resident at Block 185 heard "cracking sound" from underneath the carpet in the living room at around 8 pm and when he removed the carpet, he saw the tiles have exploded.

read more

Reports emerge about ‘exploding’ floor tiles in several flats; HDB may not compensate for repairs

With freak storms over the past week and ancient fault lines uncovered in Singapore, folks could be led to believe that the end is nigh. Especially now, after residents of Housing Development Board (HDB) flats across the island are alerting others of “exploding floor tiles” in their abodes.

But don’t worry, they’re not actually blowing up. Residents living in places such as Punggol, Bukit Panjang, Woodlands, Yishun, Jurong West and more have been reporting dislodged floor tiles in both their homes and their estates. Their experiences are similar — tiles are bending inwards and popping up from their slots, at times breaking apart. The “explosion” they’re referring to is the loud cracking of tiles from the force pulling them together.

Accounts provided to Channel NewsAsia depicted a pretty scary scenario for all those who witnessed the floors of their own home crumble. One resident saw the tiles of his house bending inwards from an “invisible force”, while another family had their floor tiles crack and “explode” underneath their carpet. Others even reported that their tiles were falling off the walls.

read more

Over a Dozen Woodlands HDB-Dwellers Suffer “Exploding” Tiles Shocker
16 homes in Woodlands suffered “Exploding Tiles Syndrome” on Thursday and Friday (11 & 12 Sep)

This time, the affected residences (at least those we know of) were located in Block 685B and 688 Woodlands St 73. The flats are about 15 years old.

One resident, 50-year-old Jasmi, who lives on the 2nd floor of Block 685B said that he renovated his house in 2005. In 2013, 40 of his tiles suddenly cracked. He said the weather at the time was similar to our present weather – constant rain and low temperatures.

Another resident who lives on the 3rd floor, 39-year-old Mr Tan, said his family was sleeping where they heard a loud cracking sound at about 11.30pm on Thursday. He discovered that 30 tiles in his living room had cracked. The family moved into their flat just 7 years ago.

read more

2,000 HDB flats experience popping & cracking floor tiles a year
HDB mostly only offers to repair tiles provided by them during one-year defect liability period

Multiple Housing and Development Board (HDB) flats across Singapore experienced floor tiles that popped and cracked spontaneously the past few days.

Flats in Punggol, Sengkang, Bukit Panjang, Woodlands, Hougang and Jurong West were affected.

This happened during the recent cold spell in Singapore.

read more

HDB Floor Tiles Explode In Multiple Flats, And Netizens Have Impressive Theories

Over the weekend, flats across multiple Housing and Development Board (HDB) estates have reported of “exploding floor tiles” in their homes. A family living at Block 638A Punggol Drive awoke to the shocking sound of their dining room floor tiles “exploding” progressively, according to Channel NewsAsia on Monday (15 Jan).

The tiles allegedly “start(ed) bending inwards one by one” as if they were being manipulated by “an invisible force”. Others reported of “a loud explosion sound, like fireworks”, as the resident’s “floor (tiles) all cracked, from the door to the window”. Everyone’s probably wondering, just how widespread is this problem? And why are these floor tiles exploding in the first place?

But HDB’s official Facebook statement has failed to explain why the phenomenon is happening in the first place.

read more

A whopping 700 cases of popping floor tiles have been reported in 2018 so far

We’re less than three weeks into 2018 and already, 700 cases of dislodged tiles have been reported so far this year. But before your jaw drops, the Housing and Development Board (HDB), which released the numbers yesterday, said that this is actually “consistent with the experience of previous years” where such cases are increasingly seen during colder months. And indeed it a was a very cold half of the month (but not anymore, sadly).

About half of the cases involved tiles installed by flat owners, while the rest were done by HDB. “Dislodgement of tiles occurs due to natural deterioration and differential thermal expansion or contraction of the tiles, which results in a loss of adhesion between the tiles and the screed surface over time,” HDB explained. “Significant changes in temperature can also cause more stress to be built up beneath the tiles and contribute to the loss of adhesion.”

Last year, Minister for National Development Lawrence Wong said that HDB receives about 2,000 cases of dislodged floor tiles each year for the past two years, The Straits Times noted. That comes out to a yearly average of about two cases per 1,000 dwelling units, TODAY said.

read more

Written Answer by Ministry of National Development on repair of dislodged tiles in HDB flats Feb 1, 2021

Flat owners are responsible for the maintenance of their flats, including repairs for general wear and tear. Nevertheless, HDB will help flat owners repair dislodged tiles originally provided by HDB for a period of up to 15 years. This is beyond the current industry standard of 1 year.

For flats more than 15 years old, flat owners will need to engage their own contractors to carry out the tile replacement. HDB can provide owners with a list of repair contractors, whom they can then engage on a private basis.

Residents who need financial assistance with the cost of dislodged tile repairs can seek assistance from grassroots organisations and the Community Development Councils (CDCs). HDB will assist such residents by referring them to these community organisations. Over the past three years, CDCs have provided funding support to 146 households for repairs to dislodged tiles.

read more

Written Answer by Ministry of National Development on cases of dislodged floor tiles in HDB flats Jan 6, 2020

The total number of reported cases of dislodged floor tiles has come down in 2019 compared to the previous year. On a monthly basis, there were indeed more cases reported in December compared to the other months of the year. Specifically, HDB received about 580 reported cases in December compared to the monthly average of 247 cases for 2019. This was likely due to the colder weather and temperature fluctuations during that month, which could have caused the tiles and the substrate to contract and expand at different rates, resulting in the loss of adhesion between the tiles and the substrate.

Flat owners are responsible for the maintenance of their flats, including repairs for general wear and tear. Nevertheless, HDB will help flat owners repair dislodged tiles originally provided by HDB for a period of up to 15 years.

For cases beyond 15 years, flat owners will need to do their own replacement of tiles.  HDB can provide owners with a list of registered repair contractors, whom they can then engage on a private basis. HDB can also help owners with the removal and disposal of the affected tiles and if necessary, with the laying of protective sheets over the affected area. Residents who need financial assistance with the cost of dislodged tile repairs can seek assistance from grassroots organisations and Community Development Councils (CDCs). HDB will assist such residents by referring them to these community organisations.

read more

What causes floor tiles to suddenly pop
The floor tiles cracked just after midnight on Monday at this HDB flat in Admiralty. (foto: Frederick Goh)

The chilly weather could be behind the popping floor tiles phenomenon seen at Housing & Development Board (HDB) flats in several locations over the weekend, experts told Channel NewsAsia on Monday (Jan 15).

Vice-President of the Singapore Renovation Contractors & Material Suppliers Association (RCMA) Dean Lim said that the incidents could have been triggered by the recent cooler-than-usual weather.

The humidity is also a contributing factor. "The moisture may be trapped underneath the tiles and if there is any sudden change in temperature, for example, if the flat below has its ceiling light turned on for long hours, generating heat, it could cause the cement to lose its bonding capability," he said.

read more

Tiles reportedly cracking in Singapore HDB flats due to lower temperatures

Tiles in HDB flats around Singapore have cracked and dislodged, with several affected homeowners claiming it is due to the recent unusual cold spell, reported the Straits Times.

Some residents from Sengkang, Woodlands, Toa Payoh, Bukit Panjang and Jurong West have lodged reports with the Housing Board, while others have put up videos and photographs on social media.

Johnson Ng, who lives in Sengkang, told the publication that tiles at his flat were dislodged and partially broken, and that he had to break the rest of the tiles that were blocking his front door so that he could leave.

read more

Weather may be one of several factors behind ‘popping’ tiles, say experts
Poor workmanship, tiles laid too closely to one another, low-quality adhesives and the cool, wet weather could be reasons behind the dislodgement of floor tiles in Housing and Development Board flats from Bukit Panjang to Punggol in recent days. TODAY file foto

Poor workmanship, tiles laid too closely to one another, low-quality adhesives & the cool, wet weather could be reasons behind the dislodgement of floor tiles in Housing and Development Board (HDB) flats from Bukit Panjang to Punggol in recent days.

Tile-popping incidents are fairly common, said renovation contractors & a civil engineer, who were not surprised by multiple reports of cracked tiles in estates including Jurong West and Woodlands.

It would be difficult to single out the colder weather – which dipped below 22°C in the past week – as the only cause of the tiles popping, said Mr Andy Lim, managing director of tiles supplier GF+A Global.

read more

Why your tiles are popping out

Farouk Oti was overjoyed when he finally moved his family into their own home in the quiet Seguku suburb. However, his joy was short-lived as Oti started noticing that tiles in his sitting room started shaking and finally “popped” out.

“I suspected that the maid’s style of mopping was to blame. My wife started supervising the maid to ensure she mopped properly,” explains Oti.

However, after a while tiles from other rooms in the house started shaking, loosening and coming out. Three months after moving into his new home, Oti was forced to re-tile the whole house. Causes:
  • Adhesive quality, amount
  • Workmanship
  • Weather
  • Exerted weight
  • Prevention tips
read more

7 Reasons for Cracked Tile on Floors and Walls

Cracked tiles on floors and walls is a difficult problem. In most cases, the problem is not with the tile but with the material below the tile.

And because the cause is hidden below tile, you cannot easily investigate this cause or fix it.

Following are seven reasons why your floor tile has cracked, ranging from the remote and obscure (sub-standard tile and heavy dead loads) to the most common (sharp blows, improperly cured concrete, etc.):
  • Tile Received a Sharp Blow
  • Tile Cracked Under Heavy Loads
  • Tile Was Installed Over a Control Joint
  • Tile Was Installed on Improperly Spaced Joists
  • Tile's Concrete Substrate Has Cracked Over Time
  • Tile's Concrete Substrate Did Not Cure Long Enough
  • Tile Is Sub-Standard
read more

客厅地砖突崩裂 义顺环路组屋居民:“感觉挺不安全”

义顺环路第398座组屋八楼一个组屋单位,客厅地砖不知何故突然崩裂,所幸无人受伤。建屋局人员上门检查后,已确定不是结构问题。建屋局强调,崩裂的地砖不是由建屋局安装,而是由前屋主安装的。

公众陈女士今早通过《8频道新闻及时事节目》网站的“你来爆料”功能告诉本台,昨天晚上11点,她在家中突然听到一声爆裂的声响,才发现客厅地板的砖瓦龟裂。

记者走访该单位时发现,受影响面积相当大,地砖崩裂、地板凹凸不平,一些砖瓦还裂成碎片,散落在地。崩裂的地板形成一个“L”字形,一边约4米长,另一边则是约4.5米长的裂缝。

read more

Wall tiles in HDB kitchens & bathrooms suddenly crack & pop
Is poor workmanship the cause again?

Following reports of “exploding” floor tiles in Housing Development Board (HDB) public housing units, homeowners have been highlighting that the tiles on the walls of their units are also becoming dislodged and falling off the walls in alarming new reports.

More homeowners have reported that the wall tiles in their kitchens and bathrooms have been popping up and becoming dislodged, after this video of wall tiles falling off the kitchen wall in a HDB flat began circulating online.

The homeowner or tenant who shot the video appears to have posted the video online anonymously but claims that the unit featured in the video is a 20-year-old HDB flat located in Jurong West and that the tiles came loose a few months before the video was shot so they secured it with tape before that measure too failed. Others reported experiencing the same thing in their homes after the video was shared on social media.

read more

Full Coverage:
Weather may be one of several factors behind 'popping' tiles, say experts
Tiles popping and cracking in flats across Singapore; HDB aware of cases
Worker allegedly blames “exploding tiles” on “air gaps and poor workmanship”
'Exploding' floor tiles in several flats; HDB may not compensate for repairs
Tiles popping up or cracking in HDB flats in several areas
Cases of tiles in some HDB flats popping up or cracking
What causes floor tiles to suddenly pop
Floor tiles cracking in HDB flats at multiple estates across Singapore
Tiles reportedly cracking in Singapore HDB flats due to lower temperatures
Singapore: Residents terror-stricken after floor tiles 'explode' at HDB flats

related: