02/11/2015

"Hazy" statements about the Haze

Apec: Wind to blame for haze problem, says Indonesian VP Jusuf Kalla
Indonesian Vice President Jusuf Kalla at the Apec CEO Summit in Manila on Nov 18, 2015. PHOTO: EPA

Indonesian Vice-President Jusuf Kalla on Wednesday (Nov 18) blamed the wind for spreading the haze to neighbouring countries, saying it was something beyond Indonesia's control.

Speaking at the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (Apec) CEO summit, Mr Kalla said: "I'm so sorry to Malaysia and Singapore to say that we cannot control the wind. We don't want the haze to go everywhere. (It happened) not because we want it to (affect) our neighbours, but because of the wind."

Mr Kalla was asked during a question-and-answer session what challenges the Indonesian government faces in stamping out the yearly haze brought on by farmers slashing and burning farmland in Sumatra and Kalimantan.

related: Winds caused haze problem, says Jusuf Kalla

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Indonesian VP on haze problem:  We can’t control the wind
Is our haze bothering you? Sorry, but it’s the wind

Speaking at a dialogue with business leaders at the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Summit, Indonesian Vice President Jusuf Kalla was confronted with a question on his country’s perennial haze-forest fire smoke, which has been affecting neighboring Singapore and Malaysia, and has even reached parts of Thailand and the Philippines.

“One thing that we cannot control, it’s the wind. I’m so sorry Malaysia and Singapore to say that, because we cannot control the wind,” said Kalla, who filled in for Indonesia President Joko Widodo at regional leaders’ meet.

“We don’t want the haze going everywhere, but the wind we cannot control. That’s why if [the haze] comes to others, it happens not because we want to make the haze go to our neighbor, [but] because the wind does that,” said the official, drawing some laughter from his audience.

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Be a good neighbour like Najib instead of criticising, says Indonesia VP
Indonesia Vice President Jusuf Kalla gesture during an interview in Jakarta, October 27, 2015. Photo: Reuters

Indonesian Vice-President Jusuf Kalla said other neighbouring countries should emulate the attitude of Malaysian Prime Minister Najib Razak, who proposed measures to resolve the haze problem rather than simply criticising the country as Indonesia itself was struggling to end the crisis.

“Indonesia is thankful to Pak Najib and everyone, there is formal agreement at the ASEAN level on the (forest and estate) fires ... (and) if necessary to resolve the problems together, Indonesia is grateful for the joint efforts,” Mr Kalla said, referring to Mr Najib’s two-day visit to Indonesia earlier this month when he met with Indonesian President Joko Widodo to discuss the haze issue and to seek cooperation in the oil palm industry.

The Malaysian Prime Minister also made concrete suggestions to Indonesia on how to control the fires, such as building tube wells, which have served Malaysia well. Mr Widodo said he would send a team to study the wells in Malaysia.

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‘Brutally-frank’ Vivian says haze a deliberate, man-made tragedy, crime

He may be the country’s Foreign Affairs Minister, but Dr Vivian Balakrishnan put aside diplomatic niceties when talking about how the transboundary haze had blighted the region during a forum yesterday (Nov 3).

“I know foreign ministers are supposed to be nice, smiley, diplomatic people. But since I used to be the Environment Minister, I can be frank. Brutally frank,” he said during his plenary address at the 4th Responsible Business Forum on Sustainable Development held at Marina Bay Sands Expo and Convention Centre.

Without mincing his words, Dr Balakrishnan described the transboundary haze, caused by forest fires in Indonesia, as “a deliberate, man-made tragedy” and “a crime”.

related: vandalism against society, against the environment

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Minister Vivian Minister: I can be “brutally frank”
Screenshot of Vivian Balakrishnan from Facebook video

Newly-elected Foreign Minister Vivian Balakrishnan have likely worsened diplomatic relations with Indonesia by openly calling the forest fire in Indonesia “deliberate” and “a crime”. Speaking to the media at a forum today (Nov 3), the Minister said he can be “brutally frank” with Indonesia.

“I know foreign ministers are supposed to be nice, smiley, diplomatic people. But since I used to be the Environment Minister, I can be frank. Brutally frank. …the transboundary haze, caused by forest fires in Indonesia, (is) a deliberate, man-made tragedy and a crime.

It would be bad enough if this was a natural disaster. We would all shake our heads, huddle together, reach out, help one another. But this is not a natural disaster. This is …vandalism against society, against the environment, and ultimately, against ourselves. It has impaired the health of millions of people, compromised the safety of aircraft, and damaged our regional economy”

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Southeast Asia's haze a ‘man-made tragedy and a crime’
Singapore's Foreign Affairs Minister Vivian Balakrishnan addressing the audience at the fourth Responsible Business Forum for Sustainable Development. Image: Global Initiatives

Singapore’s Foreign Affairs Minister Vivian Balakrishnan has labelled the recent Indonesian forest fires and resulting haze pollution in the region a “man-made tragedy and a crime”.

Not mincing his words, the Minister said at the opening of the Responsible Business Forum on Sustainable Development held in Singapore on Tuesday: “I know foreign ministers are supposed to be nice, smiley, diplomatic people. But since I used to be the Environment Minister, I can be frank. Brutally frank.”

“The transboundary haze that has afflicted our region for far too long is a man-made tragedy and a crime… It would be bad enough if this was a natural disaster. We would all shake our heads, huddle together, reach out, help one another. But this is not a natural disaster.

related: Transboundary haze pollution bill meant to send a 'strong signal': Balakrishnan

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Indonesia’s Fire Crisis: The Biggest Environmental Crime of the 21st Century

Raging forest fires across Indonesia responsible for thousands fleeing their homes due to crippling air pollution, with the resultant haze covering parts of Malaysia and Singapore, are now being described as a “crime against humanity” and the “biggest environmental crime of the 21st century.”

Estimates show nearly 130,000 acres of land in Sumatra were devastated by fire over the past few months, while 340,000 acres in Kalimantan were scorched as a result of illegal “slash and burn” deforestation–a quick and cheap means of clearing land. The land is being cleared for palm oil plantations, one of Indonesia’s key industries.

“BP’s Deepwater Horizon oil spill of 2010 looks relatively benign compared to Indonesia’s 2015 fire crisis,” wrote Dr. Eric Meijaard, an Indonesia-based associate professor at the University of Queensland, in a recent Jakarta Globe editorial,

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Southeast Asia's haze crisis: A 'crime against humanity'

Indonesia, Singapore and Malaysia are choking under a thick haze of wildfire smoke caused by the annual burning of land for the production of pulp, paper and palm oil on the Indonesian islands of Sumatra and Kalimantan.

The haze is so bad it's been described by the Indonesian Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Agency (BMKG) as a "crime against humanity." Schools are closed, transport disrupted and half a million cases of acute respiratory infection have been recorded since July.

The annual burning churns out thick smoke across parts of Southeast Asia, but this summer's haze is the worst it's been for 20 years.

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Indonesia's fires labelled a 'crime against humanity' as 500,000 suffer
An Indonesian woman rides a motorbike amid thick haze in Palangkaraya, Central Kalimantan province, Indonesia. Photograph: Hugo Hudoyoko/EPA Kate Lamb in Jakarta

Raging forest fires across Indonesia are thought to be responsible for up to half a million cases of respiratory infections, with the resultant haze covering parts of Malaysia and Singapore now being described as a “crime against humanity”.

Tens of thousands of hectares of forest have been alight for more than two months as a result of slash and burn – the fastest and quickest way to clear land for new plantations.

Indonesia is the world’s largest producer of palm oil and fires are frequently intentionally lit to clear the land with the resulting haze an annual headache.

related:
Indonesia is burning. So why is the world looking away?
Is Indonesia's fire crisis connected to the palm oil in our snack food?
Indonesia's forest fires threaten a third of world's wild orangutans

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Forecast error, lack of govt action fan Indonesia fire woes
Indonesian soldiers spray water on a peat land fire near Palangkaraya, central Kalimantan, Indonesian October 28, 2015. Photo: Reuters

Indonesia’s weather agency failed to predict that the effects of the El Nino weather phenomenon this year would be worse than in 1997, a senior minister said today (Oct 28), as the government struggles to contain forest fires that have created a haze blanketing much of South-east Asia in recent months.

“I must admit there was a mistake in the BMKG (state weather agency) forecast that didn’t predict El Nino this year would be worse than 1997,” said Mr Luhut Panjaitan, the Coordinating Security Minister tasked by President Joko Widodo with overseeing the government’s response to the crisis.

“Our forecast was wrong.”

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Forecasters in Indonesia Underestimated How Much El Niño Would Worsen Massive Forest Fires

Indonesia's forecasters underestimated the El Niño weather event that has worsened the country's massive forest fires, which are blanketing Southeast Asia in a noxious, carbon-rich haze, a top government official said Wednesday.

"Our forecast was wrong," Luhut Panjaitan, the Cabinet minister managing Indonesia's response to the fires, told reporters.

El Niño, a periodic warming of the eastern Pacific Ocean, has fueled a drought across the island nation. That's made it harder to stop the fires that have been pumping huge quantities of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, while shrouding much of the country and some of its neighbors in choking smog.

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INDON MINISTER: SPORE'S OFFER OF ONLY 1 PLANE TO FIGHT FIRES IS INSULTING

In an interview with Tempo magazine, Indonesian Coordinating Minister for Politics, Law and Security Luhut Binsar Pandjaitan said that Singapore’s offer of only "one aircraft" to fight the raging forest fires was "insulting" to Indonesia. He also defended Indonesia's lack of enthusiasm in putting out the fires and for its delay in accepting external help.

Luhut explained:
“During the dry season, peatlands tend to be very flammable. When we bombard the land with water to put out the flames, they just come out again. So I get a headache when people get upset. What are we supposed to do? Then someone asks why we didn’t accept the assistance offered earlier. There are many reasons for that. Firstly, we wanted to try and do it on our own. Secondly, we didn’t realise the process would be so long. Thirdly, Singapore offered only one aircraft. It was insulting.”
Mr Luhut's statements were in contradiction to that of Indonesian Cabinet Secretary Pramono who revealed in an interview with CNN Indonesia (7 October 2015) that Indonesia had rejected's Singapore's offers of assistance because it was worried that Singapore would claim credit for solving the forest fires and haze problems.

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Jakarta rejected earlier offers ‘over concerns S’pore would claim credit’
A wooden boat is seen on Air Sugihan river during haze shrouds in Ogan Komering Ilir, Indonesia's South Sumatra province, October 7, 2015 in this picture taken by Antara Foto. Photo: Reuters

Indonesian Cabinet Secretary Pramono Anung said that Jakarta had earlier rejected Singapore’s offers of assistance to combat the transboundary haze crisis in the region because it was concerned that the city state would claim credit for solving the problem, even while the officials were worried about the rapidly deteriorating situation.

“The (Indonesian) government is not closing ourselves off to assistance. But if we are assisted, the government does not want them (Singapore) to claim the credit. It is the government that is working hard to resolve (this smog disaster) … So we do not want it to reach the point of them claiming credit for it,” Mr Anung told CNN Indonesia yesterday (Oct 7).

According to Indonesian media reports, President Joko Widodo held an unscheduled closed-door meeting yesterday to discuss the haze problem, which has worsened this week.

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Jakarta rejected earlier offers ‘over concerns S’pore would claim credit’
Pramono Anung

Indonesian Cabinet Secretary Pramono Anung said that Jakarta had earlier rejected Singapore’s offers of assistance to combat the transboundary haze crisis in the region because it was concerned that the city state would claim credit for solving the problem, even while the officials were worried about the rapidly deteriorating situation.

“The (Indonesian) government is not closing ourselves off to assistance. But if we are assisted, the government does not want them (Singapore) to claim the credit. It is the government that is working hard to resolve (this smog disaster) … So we do not want it to reach the point of them claiming credit for it,” Mr Anung told CNN Indonesia yesterday (Oct 7).

According to Indonesian media reports, President Joko Widodo held an unscheduled closed-door meeting yesterday to discuss the haze problem, which has worsened this week.

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Singapore should help solve haze issue, not just talk about it: Indonesian V-P Jusuf Kalla
Indonesian Vice-President Jusuf Kalla said that Singapore should help solve haze issue, not just talk about it.PHOTO: AFP

The Indonesian government welcomes any country, including Singapore, that wants to help extinguish forest and land fires in the country to remove the haze, Vice-President Jusuf Kalla has said.

"Go ahead, we are open. Singapore can come and see for themselves if they want to help. Don't just talk (about it)," said Mr Kalla on Sunday (Sept 27) in New York, according to a report by the Antara news agency.

Singapore has previously expressed frustration with Indonesia regarding the smog that has affected the country and expressed its willingness help to battle the fires - offers that Indonesia has so far rejected.

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Indonesia provides “nice air” most of the time, and all you do is complain about the pollution
The neighbors just will not stop complaining. (Reuters/Beawiharta)

Every year during Indonesia’s six-month dry season, which lasts until around October, a noxious haze rises from the island of Sumatra. Generally lasting about a month at its worst, it’s so large that it hovers over an entire region, including Singapore, Malaysia, and Thailand.

The haze is caused by massive amounts of dense smoke coming from fires that are illegally set to cheaply burn trees or peat off the land—land that can be more profitably used for producing paper or palm oil. The haze regularly leads to school closures, canceled flights, and serious health problems.

Neighboring nations, of course, complain about this—not that Indonesia’s government officials much seem to mind. In March, Indonesian vice president Jusuf Kalla said:
“For 11 months, they enjoyed nice air from Indonesia and they never thanked us. They have suffered because of the haze for one month and they get upset.”
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Indonesia says Singapore acting 'like a child' over haze
Agung Laksono

Indonesia on Thursday accused Singapore of acting "like a child" over choking smog from forest fires in Sumatra that has triggered an environmental crisis, as the city-state's premier warned it could last weeks.

The escalation in tensions between tiny Singapore and its vast neighbour came as the levels of haze enveloping the island hit a new record high, shrouding the whole city, from residential blocks to tree-lined parks.

As the acrid smell of burnt wood crept into people's flats and medical masks sold out at drug stores, the city-state's environment chief demanded "decisive action" to address the crisis after talks with Indonesian officials in Jakarta.

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Indonesia Says Singapore 'Behaving Like a Child' Over Haze

Agung Laksono

The minister for people's welfare also said Jakarta would reject any offer of financial aid from Singapore unless it was a large amount.

"Unless (Singapore) wants to give us a large amount, we won't consider accepting it," he said. "If it is only half a million, or one million dollars, we don't need that. We would rather use our own national budget."

The comments came as the neighbours prepared to hold emergency talks in Jakarta to ease the severe smog enveloping the city-state.

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Dumbass Remark of the Week: "Unless Singapore wants to give us a large amount, we won't consider accepting it."
CNA: Indonesia chides Singapore over reactions on haze situation

Coordinating Minister for People's Welfare Agung Laksono is this week's winner for Dumbass Remark of the Week. In a press conference, Mr Lakson accused Singaporeans of "behaving like a small child" over the haze.

The minister for people's welfare also said Jakarta would reject any offer of financial aid from Singapore unless it was a large amount.

"Unless (Singapore) wants to give us a large amount, we won't consider accepting it," he said. "If it is only half a million, or one million dollars, we don't need that. We would rather use our own national budget."

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Indonesia VP reiterates no need for apology over haze

Indonesia's Vice-President Jusuf Kalla has reiterated that Indonesia need not apologise to neighbouring countries over haze from forest fires in Sumatra and Kalimantan.

Indonesia only needs to ensure forest fires that cause haze do not recur, he was quoted as saying on Indonesian news site kompas.com.

"Look at how long they have enjoyed fresh air from our green environment and forests when there were no fires. Could be months. Are they grateful? But when forest fires occur, a month at the most, haze pollutes their regions. So why should there be an apology?" he said during a dialogue session with Indonesians in New York at the Indonesian Consulate-General on Thursday.

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Indonesia provides “nice air” most of the time, and all you do is complain about the pollution

Every year during Indonesia’s six-month dry season, which lasts until around October, a noxious haze rises from the island of Sumatra. Generally lasting about a month at its worst, it’s so large that it hovers over an entire region, including Singapore, Malaysia, and Thailand.

The haze is caused by massive amounts of dense smoke coming from fires that are illegally set to cheaply burn trees or peat off the land—land that can be more profitably used for producing paper or palm oil. The haze regularly leads to school closures, canceled flights, and serious health problems.

Neighboring nations, of course, complain about this—not that Indonesia’s government officials much seem to mind. In March, Indonesian vice president Jusuf Kalla said:
“For 11 months, they enjoyed nice air from Indonesia and they never thanked us. They have suffered because of the haze for one month and they get upset.”
read more

Indonesia's Vice-President Jusuf Kalla criticises neighbours for grumbling about haze
Neighbouring countries should be grateful for the clean air they enjoy for the rest of the year, said Mr Jusuf Kalla.PHOTO: AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE

Cabinets may change but Indonesian leaders remain touchy when it comes to the haze brought on by forest fires.

Yesterday, in an echo of seasons past, Indonesian Vice-President Jusuf Kalla rapped neighbouring countries for complaining about the haze, and asked them instead to be grateful for the clean air they enjoy for the rest of the year.

"For 11 months, they enjoyed nice air from Indonesia and they never thanked us," he said.

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This is not what the Indonesian nation wants, it is because of nature
Agung Laksono

Indonesia on Thursday accused Singapore of "behaving like a child" by complaining about severe haze from raging forest fires on Sumatra island that has cloaked the city-state.

"Singapore should not be behaving like a child and making all this noise," Agung Laksono, the minister who is coordinating Indonesia's response to the haze crisis, told reporters in Jakarta.
"This is not what the Indonesian nation wants, it is because of nature."
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Ministers Using FB To Slam Haze

As the haze situations reach critical levels on Friday (25 Sept), tensions begin to boil. Singapore has been cloaked in smog from Indonesia’s for about three weeks. Primary, secondary and MOE-run kindergartens were closed on Friday as the PSI levels climbed into hazardous levels. Free masks were also distributed in community-centres.

As PSI levels rise, so did did tempers.

Foreign Minister K. Shanmugam took it to Facebook to question the Indonesian government whom he mentions have “a complete disregard for our people, and their own”.

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Get Your Facts Right on Indonesia's Haze Problem


Why only one aircraft?

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01/11/2015

National health insurance scheme MediShield Life


MediShield Life kicked in on Sun (Nov 1). The national health insurance scheme aims to help Singapore residents pay for large hospital bills and costly outpatient treatments by providing higher claim limits.

MediShield Life is universal, meaning all Singaporeans and permanent residents will be covered. That includes 23,000 people who have serious pre-existing conditions and are currently uninsured. However, this group has to pay an extra 30% in premiums for 10 yrs after MediShield Life begins in November.

The new scheme has no lifetime claim limit. It was capped at S$300,000 for the old scheme. The maximum claim limit per policy year is now S$100,000, up from S$70,000.

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MediShield Life Premiums and Subsidies

As an insurance scheme, MediShield Life premiums are risk-pooled to support the payouts and benefits under MediShield Life. Those with serious pre-existing conditions may have to pay Additional Premiums for 10 years.

The Government will also provide significant support to keep premiums affordable, including those who need to pay Additional Premiums:
  • Premium Subsidies for the lower- to middle-income;
  • Pioneer Generation Subsidies for Pioneers;
  • Transitional Subsidies to ease the shift to MediShield Life for Singapore Citizens; and
  • Additional Premium Support for those who are unable to afford their premiums even after premium subsidies.
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A Complex Shield For Life

While the principle of health insurance is simple — in that you pay now to avoid getting a big bill in the event you do incur medical expenses — it is a complex and often confusing system with layers of conditions.

The introduction of MediShield Life, which kicked in on November 1, as a compulsory national health policy for all Singapore citizens and permanent residents, has been met with curiosity and apathy.

For those who were previously on MediShield, and paying for it out of their Central Provident Fund (CPF) Medisave account, the new system now provides lifetime coverage (previously it was up to age 92), and also includes pre-existing illnesses. The latter is useful as many private health policies would require a higher premium or not provide cover at all.

read more

Healthcare


– Under The Angsana Tree: 
National health insurance scheme MediShield Life

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related:
Is the Rise of Healthcare Cost Unsustainable?
"Buffet Syndrome” leading to rising healthcare costs
Singapore’s Healthcare: MediShield Life
National health insurance scheme MediShield Life
Medishield Life Review
The MediShield Life Conundrum
Return Our CPF – MediShield Life
Hospitals Facing Severe Bed Crunch
Tweaks or Tricks - PM's NDR 2013
Tweaks in Our SG Healthcare
Health Cost

Purple Parade 2015


Here we go! Our friends from Maybank Singapore joined forces with MINDS Hostel & Group Home to form a special Butterfly contingent. The special butterfly signs were created by trainees from MINDS Idea EDC.

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WHAT IS THE PURPLE PARADE?

People with special needs are part of our community and should have equal access to opportunities and good quality of life.

The Purple Parade is a movement that supports the inclusion & celebrates the abilities of persons with special needs.

We are making a movement towards a more inclusive society by opening our eyes to people with special needs in our community.

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related:
Purple Parade 2014
Purple Parade 2013

Thimithi தீமிதி Fire Walking Festival 2015

Fire-walking ceremony Thimithi in Singapore
The first layer of wood is laid to burn at noon, until it turns to coal a couple of hours later. A second layer of wood is added and the process repeats. Each subsequent layer takes less time to burn, adding up to a total of four or five layers of coal for the fire pit. (Photo: Sherlyn Goh)

About 4,500 Hindu devotees gathered on Sunday (Nov 1) at the Sri Mariamman Temple along South Bridge Road to take part in Thimithi, the annual fire-walking festival.

The fire-walking ceremony is held in honour of Draupadi Amman, who is considered the reincarnation of the Hindu goddess Mariamman. Married to the five Pandava brothers, Draupadi was forced to prove her purity by walking on fire, and emerged unharmed. The festival of Thimithi is celebrated to commemorate this event.

During the ceremony, the chief priest leads the festival procession from Sri Srinivasa Perumal Temple at Serangoon Road and reaches Sri Mariamman Temple after a four-kilometre walk. There, devotees will walk across hot coals to prove their faith.


Fire Walking

Theemidhi or Fire Walking Ceremony honours Goddess Draupadi, heroine of the epic poem “Mahabarata” and deified by the Hindus if South India as Draupadi Amman. Legend has it that she had to prove her innocence and fidelity by walking barefoot over hot coals. For weeks before the ceremony, devotees practice strict vegetarianism and fasting rituals in addition to observing austerities.

Every year, Theemidhi is celebrated in the month of October or November. On the actual day, the ceremony starts at 1.00am at the Sri Srinivasa Perumal Temple where the devotees take ritual baths before setting off on a 4km walk to Sri Mariamman Temple.

The highlight of the ceremony is the walk devotees make across a pit of fire. The preparation of the four meter long pit of hot, burning coal that usually takes about five hours is especially important and is preceded with prayer and ritual.

Once the pit is ready, the chief pandaram of Sri Mariamman Temple would take the first walk across the scorching bed of coals. With intense concentration, barefooted devotees who wish to fulfill a vow make their walk across the pit – completing the challenge miraculously unscathed. Absolute faith, courage and endurance of devotees can be witnessed at this breathtaking ceremony.


Thimithi

The Thimithi (Tamil: தீமிதி Kundam) or firewalking ceremony is a Hindu festival originating in Tamil Nadu, South India that is celebrated during the month of Aipasi (or Aippasi) of the Tamil calendar. This occurs between the Gregorian calendar months of October and November. The fire-walking ceremony is in honour of Draupati Amman, who is considered the incarnation of Mariamman, and is practiced not only in India, but also in Sri Lanka, Singapore, Malaysia, Mauritius, South Africa and other countries with large South Indian populations.

In Singapore, the celebrations begin at Srinivasa Perumal Temple, Kudavasal in Serangoon Road around 10pm and the priest leads the grand procession of people through the streets to Sri Mariamman Temple in South Bridge Road where the actual tīmiti takes place. The priest starts the tīmiti by walking through the pit filled with hot burning wood with a karakattam "sacred water-filled pot" on his head. He is followed by male devotees intent on fulfilling their personal promises and proving their faith. The devotees may include a minority of non-Indians and non-Hindus.

Origins of the festival - The tīmiti festival is celebrated in honour of Draupadi, the main character of the epic Mahabharata, who is the wife of the five Pandava brothers. In a gambling session with their cousin Duryodhana, the Pandava brothers lost their home, country and even their wife.

Not satisfied with his victory, Duryodhana wanted to further disgrace the brothers. He requested his younger brother Dushasana strip Draupadi in front of the court. However, she was saved by Krishna and at that moment, Draupadi took a vow to only comb her hair after smearing Dushasana's blood on it and using his femur as a comb. The great Mahabharata war took place to fulfill her vow.

After the war, to prove her purity she walked through a bed of fire and came out as fresh as a flower. The festival is celebrated to commemorate this event.

Events during the festival period - During the period of the festival, scenes from Mahabharata are enacted by the devotees and drama troupes. A week before the fire walking they perform prayers to Periyachi who is one of the most important deities of Mariamman’s entourage. The grand prayer session is held to request her blessings upon the devotees and that no unpleasant incidents should happen during the festival.

The second event is a symbolic grand marriage ceremony conducted between Arjuna and Draupadi. Following this is probably the most important ritual: a simulation of the sacrifice of Hijra, which was done before the Mahabharata war to ensure success to the Pandavas. The simulated ritual does not involve human sacrifice.

Afterwards, devotees offer their prayers like carrying milk pots, doing Kumbiduthandam (prostrating after every step) and Angapirathatchanam (rolling around the temple grounds). Mariamman is given a milk bath with the milk that the devotees brought as it is a belief that the sins of man will be washed away.

Two days before the Tīmiti festival, a silver chariot procession takes place to commemorate the 18-day battle which culminates in the Pandavas victory. At this juncture, Krishna agreed to be Arjuna's charioteer. Marking this occasion in Singapore, on the Friday and Saturday prior to Tīmiti, a chariot procession takes place around the Telok Blangah and Bukit Merah districts.

The fire pit is prepared the night before the final day and kept red hot throughout the ritual. Devotees begin their ritual as early as 4 am and the event ends before 11am. It is believed that if they are truly devoted to Draupadi they will walk through the fire unscathed.

Some devotees suffer burn injuries on their feet.[5] Injuries to children subjected to such rituals in Tamil Nadu have been reported. Reportedly due to unsteadiness while walking, children fall and often sustain injuries to other parts of their bodies besides their feet.

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Theemithi (Fire-walking)

Theemithi (Thimithi) or "firewalking" is done as part of a religious vow in which the devotee promises to walk on fire in exchange for a wish or blessing granted by the Goddess Draupadi. Theemithi is part of a larger ceremony stretching over a two-and-a-half month period where parts of the Mahabharata is re-enacted, totalling up to 18 distinguishable rites.

History - Firewalking is an international Hindu festival which originated in South India. It is practised not only in India and Singapore but even in South Africa and wherever there are South Indians. The Goddess Draupadi is the heroine of the Mahabharata and is a common village goddess, or amman ("mother" goddess). She presides over firewalking in South Indian rituals just like Mariamman who is the principal goddess of Sri Mariamman Temple, and may be one of the reasons why Sri Mariamman Temple is the location for the firewalking ceremony in Singapore. Sri Mariamman Temple also happens to be the oldest and largest Hindu temple in Singapore and Theemithi has been practised here since 1840. The firewalking is actually a culmination of a four-kilometre walk that begins at Sri Srinivasa Perumal Temple at Serangoon Road. The reasons for starting at the Perumal Temple is uncertain although it is suggested that the location is selected solely for convenience.

In 1997, about 2,500 persons turned up for the firewalking ritual with up to 10 percent of them being Chinese. More than 20,000 would turn up for the penance rituals, starting several weeks before the firewalking.

Legends - Theemithi is not just a single ritual performed on a particular day. It is in fact the culmination of several religious rituals which re-enacts important and auspicious events from the Hindu epic -- the Mahabaratha. Theemithi signifies the victory of a war in the Mahabaratha that took place between two families, the Pandavas and Kauravas, with the Pandavas emerging victorious.

Draupadi, wife of Pandavas, and the heroine of the epic, is portrayed as a person who endures many misfortunes but holds on steadfastly to dharma, Hindu principles and morality. Similarly, throughout the period of the reading of the Mahabharatha, the fire walkers and other devotees make sacrifices such as taking on a strict vegetarian diet and abstaining from any conjugal involvement.

Theemithi is celebrated at dawn always on the Monday before Deepavali (the Festival of Lights). According to the epic, Draupadi, on seeing the dead bodies of the members of the Kaurava family, combs her hair for the first time in 13 years. The grand finale of the victory was when Draupadi walks on fire, a process known as Theemithi, to prove her virtuosity and chastity by her adherence to dharma. It is this victory of the war with the Kauravas that is marked by Theemithi. The theemit re-enacts this event as the pandaram (chief priest) walks across the fire with the karakam (a sacred, decorated pot) the goddess inside is thus tested anew. Likewise, her devotees, if they are as pure as Draupadi, will cross the coals unharmed.

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Thimithi Festival

The major event at this Hindu festival is the breathtaking fire-walking ceremony in which devotees honour the goddess Draupathi. Draupathi is a tragic heroine in Tamil mythology now honoured as a deity for her purity and steadfastness through misfortune.

Legend has it that she proved her fidelity and innocence to her husband by walking barefoot over burning coals, and Hindu priests and devotees demonstrate their faith, courage and endurance by walking across a 21-foot (7m) pit of glowing coals without showing any signs of pain. In this test of purity devotees believe that they will only be burnt if they are impure. Afterwards they wade through a pit of goat's milk and then stain their feet with yellow turmeric. On the eve of Thimithi a procession honouring Draupathi, led by a magnificent silver chariot, makes its way to the Sri Mariamman Temple (South Bridge Road) from the Sri Srinivasi Temple in Little India.

The fire-walking ceremony takes place at the Sri Mariamman Temple. Only men are allowed to take part in the ritual despite the fact that it honours and commemorates a woman. Devotees believe that the act of fire-walking will purify them of past sins and bless them for the future.

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Thimithi (Fire Walking Festival)

Every year, there is a Thimithi Fire Walking festival in Singapore. And this year it was held on the 16th October. The staffs will standby at the sides to prevent any accident from happening. And this is one of the participant who is attempting the fire walking. The staffs notice he was about to fall so they quickly moved forward to prevent him from falling and guide him through the whole firewalk.

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